literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Drug resistance patterns and virus re-suppression among HIV-1 subtype C infected patients receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in South Africa.

PMID: 21927716 2011 Journal of AIDS & clinical research

Discussion: Among eight patients with TAMs, the most common pathway (seen in 6/8 patients) was TAM-2 related (D67N, K70R, K219Q/R/E); and the rest (2/8) were mixed with the TAM-1 pathway (M41L, L210W, T215Y) extending similar prior Southern African observations.

A structural frame for understanding the role of thymidine analogue resistance mutations in resistance to zidovudine and other nucleoside analogues.

PMID: 22024508 2011 Antiviral therapy

Abstract: These mutations, known as thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) are M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219E/Q.

Increase of transmitted drug resistance among HIV-infected sub-Saharan Africans residing in Spain in contrast to the native population.

PMID: 22046345 2011 PloS one

Result: Both specimens harboured mutations F53L and L90M at PR and M41L, K103N, L210W and T215D at RT.

Phenotypic analysis of HIV-1 genotypic drug-resistant isolates from China, using a single-cycle system.

PMID: 22047156 2011 Molecular diagnosis & therapy

Abstract: The phenotype results showed that individual pseudoviruses with four thymidine analog mutations (TAMs).[M41L, T67N, L210W, and T215Y] in combination with various other mutations had different levels of resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).

Resistance patterns selected by nevirapine vs. efavirenz in HIV-infected patients failing first-line antiretroviral treatment: a bayesian analysis.

PMID: 22132100 2011 PloS one

Result: With NVP, the next two mutations, K219E and T215F, complete the TAM-2 cluster, whereas with EFV, the three TAM-1 mutations (M41L, L210W, and T215Y) appear next, along with the K219E from the TAM-2 pathway.

Discussion: Our analysis offers strong evidence that, in contrast to the mutation patterns published for other subtypes, individuals infected with CRF01_AE and experiencing virologic failure while receiving NVP-based HAART favor TAM-2 resistance pathways (K70R, D67N, T215F, K219Q/E) rather than TAM-1 (M41L, L210W, T215Y), wh

Emerging trends of drug-resistant HIV-1 among drug-treated patients in former blood donors in Hubei, China: a three-year surveillance from 2004 to 2006.

PMID: 22160938 2011 Virologica Sinica

Abstract: Genotypic drug resistance analysis showed significant increases in percentages of patients carrying HIV-1 strains with M41L, T215Y/F, D67N, K103N, G190A/S, Y181C/F or L210W mutations.

Does GSS still maintain relevance on HAART outcome after the introduction of newest active antiretroviral drugs? 48 weeks results.

PMID: 22211659 2011 Current HIV research

Abstract: Data also showed a > 60% recurrence of specific mutations for NRTI: M41L, M184IV, L210W, T215FY, K219EQ and 75% for D67N.

Development of a didanosine genotypic resistance interpretation system based on large derivation and validation datasets.

PMID: 19864933 2010 AIDS (London, England)

Abstract: RESULTS: The ddI resistance mutations and their resistance scores based on the derivation set were as follows: M41L (score of 14), T69D (24), D123S (40), T139M (54), I180V (53), M184V (-12), V189I (55), Q207K (37), L210W (25), and T215Y (eight).

Postpartum antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1-infected women receiving pregnancy-limited antiretroviral therapy.

PMID: 19915448 2010 AIDS (London, England)

Result: Mutations associated with resistance to nucleoside analogues (NAMs) were also more frequent among women exposed only to dual-drug PLAT (M41L, 5.0%; D67N, 5.0%; K70R, 10.0; and T215Y, 5.0%) than in those treated with 3 drugs (M41L, 1.1%; D67N, 1.1%; K70R, 1.1%; L210F, 1.1%; K219Q, 1.1%).

Low-abundance HIV species and their impact on mutational profiles in patients with virological failure on once-daily abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine and tenofovir.

PMID: 20008905 2010 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Result: At baseline, Subject 5 had viral clones containing K103N with or without T215A, or with Y188L resistance mutations, while at VF clones with one or more of the following mutations: M41L, D67N, K70R, M184V, Y188L, T215F or L, and K219E were detected, but K103N and T215A were not.

Table: M41L

Figure: Phylogenetic analysis of plasma HIV variants isolated from a representative subject (Subject 5) whose baseline HIV-1 RNA was 5.34 log10 copies/mL and whose baseline (pre-therapy) population genotype resistance mutations included <

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