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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Connection domain mutations N348I and A360V in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase enhance resistance to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine through both RNase H-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
 PMID: 18547911       2008       The Journal of biological chemistry
4Method: WT RT refers to the wild type enzyme, and ""TAMs"" refers to mutants that contain the following amino acid substitutions: M41L, D67N, L210W, and T215Y."
Introduction: This region includes polymerase domain mutations M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, and K219Q/E, which are referred to as thymidine analogue-associated mutations (TAMs).
Result: Furthermore, A360V was highly correlated with various mutations considered to be part of the TAMs cluster; for example, of the samples with A360V, 35% were associated with


  Profile of primary resistance in HIV-1-infected treatment-naive individuals from Western India.
 PMID: 18593351       2008       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The resistance mutation observed in the protease gene was V82A, whereas in the RT gene, M41L, D67N, M184V, and A98G were documented.


  Prevalence of drug resistance and associated mutations in HIV-positive Puerto Ricans: sex variations.
 PMID: 18646335       2008       Ethnicity & disease
Abstract: The most prevalent mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene were M184V, K103N, T215Y, and M41L.


  Minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations are present in antiretroviral treatment-naive populations and associate with reduced treatment efficacy.
 PMID: 18666824       2008       PLoS medicine
Abstract: Eight validated real-time PCR-based assays were used to test for minority drug resistance mutations (protease L90M and reverse transcriptase M41L, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, and T215F/Y) above naturally occurring frequencies.
Method: The 303 samples in the mutant group were tested for minority mutations not detected by conventional genotyping, which included 222 for L90M, 101 for M41L, 251 for K70R, 202 for K103N, 200 for Y181C, 260 for M184V, an


  HIV drug resistance pattern among HAART-exposed patients with suboptimal virological response in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
 PMID: 18667925       2008       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Although not significant, other TAMs (M41L, T215F/Y, K219Q/E) also occurred more frequently among CRF06_cpx strains as well.


  Phylogenetic investigation of transmission pathways of drug-resistant HIV-1 utilizing pol sequences derived from resistance genotyping.
 PMID: 18667928       2008       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Several discrete clusters involving transmission of K103N- and/or M41L-resistant virus to multiple recipients were detected, suggesting that multiple transmission pathways can exist for viruses with the same resistance mutations.


  HIV type 1 subtype C drug resistance among pediatric and adult South African patients failing antiretroviral therapy.
 PMID: 19000027       2008       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Ninety-one percent of patients harbored resistance mutations; the most frequent NRTI mutations were M184V/I (37%), D67N (32%), T215Y/F (25%), K70R (21%), M41L (20%), K219Q/E (14%), and K65R (14%), reflecting the frequent use of lamuvidine and zidovudine.


  Silent mutations are selected in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and affect enzymatic efficiency.
 PMID: 19005273       2008       AIDS (London, England)
Introduction: By contrast, the mutations M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219Q/E - typically referred to as thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) - augment the ability of HIV-1 RT to excise the chain-terminating NRTI-monophosphate from a prematurely terminated DNA chain.


  Mechanism by which a glutamine to leucine substitution at residue 509 in the ribonuclease H domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase confers zidovudine resistance.
 PMID: 19067547       2008       Biochemistry
Result: By comparison, TAMs, which include M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, and K219Q/E, increase the ability of HIV-1 RT to excise a chain-terminating NRTI-monophosphate (NRTI-MP) from a DNA chain.


  [Research on the selective kinetics of HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug resistance-associated mutations among 4 AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy].
 PMID: 19103117       2008       Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi
Abstract: Typical resistance mutations of thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) pattern 1, such as L210W, T215Y and M41L, were generated in patient 'A'.



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