literature

[Study on genotypic resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs on HIV strains of treated and treatment-naive HIV-1 infectious patients in Hubei province].

PMID: 18396668 2007 Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi

Abstract: Some protease (PR) drug-resistant mutations were found in these samples, such as D30N (2.27%), D30G (2.27%), M46I (4.55%), M46N (2.27%), I47V (4.55%), I84V (4.55%), I84L (2.27%), N88S (2.27%) and L90S (2.27%) that all belonged to major drug-resistant but A71T (29.55%) belonged to minor resistance mutations Five treated patients were detected having mutations associated RT drug resistance: M41L (5.26%), A62V (5.26%),D67N (5.26%),

PMID: 16332398 2006 Virus research

Abstract: Principal antiretroviral resistance mutations (ARM) were observed in 3% of the samples, two cases with K103N and one with M41L, L210W and T215Y, all in HIV-1 clade B infected men.

Influence of naturally occurring insertions in the fingers subdomain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase on polymerase fidelity and mutation frequencies in vitro.

PMID: 16432030 2006 The Journal of general virology

Abstract: T69S-AG, T69S-SG and T69S-SS alone, in combination with 3'-azido-2',3'-deoxythymidine-resistance mutations M41L, L210W, R211K, L214F, T215Y (LAG(AZ) and LSG(AZ)) or with an alternate set where A62V substitution replaces M41L (VAG(AZ), VSG(AZ) and VSS(AZ)).

Abstract: M41L and T215Y) or an A62V mutation and confers resistance to multiple nucleoside analogue inhibitors.

In vitro antiretroviral activity and in vitro toxicity profile of SPD754, a new deoxycytidine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

PMID: 16436719 2006 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Abstract: SPD754 susceptibility was reduced 1.2- to 2.2-fold against isolates resistant to zidovudine (M41L, T215Y/F, plus a median of three additional nucleoside analogue mutations [NAMs]) and/or lamivudine (M184V) and was reduced 1.3- to 2.8-fold against isolates resistant to abacavir (L74V, Y115F, and M184V plus one other NAM) or stavudine (V75T/M, M41L, T215F/Y, and four other NAMs).

An additive/subtractive genotypic score as a determinant of the virological response to didanosine in HIV-1 infected patients.

PMID: 16513416 2006 Journal of clinical virology

Abstract: RESULTS: Changes at three codons (M41L, L210W, T215Y/F/D/C/E) were associated with a worse VR and three mutations (K70R, M184V, K219Q) with a better VR.

Abstract: The strongest association with the VR was obtained with the score M41L+L210W+T215Y/F/D/C/E-K70R-K219Q.

Frequency and treatment-related predictors of thymidine-analogue mutation patterns in HIV-1 isolates after unsuccessful antiretroviral therapy.

PMID: 16586357 2006 The Journal of infectious diseases

Abstract: TAM pattern 1, which included M41L and L210W and excluded K70R and is coupled with more-extensive cross-resistance to drugs, became the most frequent pattern after 1996.

Antiviral efficacy and genotypic resistance patterns of combination therapy with stavudine/tenofovir in highly active antiretroviral therapy experienced patients.

PMID: 16640104 2006 Antiviral therapy

Abstract: Any single type-1 thymidine analogue mutation (TAM; M41L, L210W, T215Y) had a negative effort on the change in HIV RNA at 6 months, whereas among type-2 TAMs (D67N, K70R, K219Q), only D67N showed a trend for a negative effect.

The K65R mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase exhibits bidirectional phenotypic antagonism with thymidine analog mutations.

PMID: 16641288 2006 Journal of virology

Abstract: Among samples with K65R, a strong negative association was evident with the TAMs M41L, D67N, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E (P<0.005) but not with other NRTI mutations, including the Q151M complex.

Abstract: To test this possibility, we generated recombinant HIV-1 encoding K65R in two different TAM backgrounds: M41L/L210W/T215Y and D67N/K70R/T215F/K219Q.

Update on primary HIV-1 resistance in Argentina: emergence of mutations conferring high-level resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in drug-naive patients.

PMID: 16773027 2006 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Abstract: On reverse transcriptase, major resistance-related mutations were found in 4 of 52 (7.7%) patients from different health centers: M41L (subtype B) and K103N+/-P225H (1 RecBF and 2 subtype B).

Fitness comparison of thymidine analog resistance pathways in human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

PMID: 16809307 2006 Journal of virology

Abstract: The L210W mutation most often occurs with M41L and T215Y and rarely occurs with the T215F or TAM-2 mutation.

Abstract: Whereas T215Y occurs alone or with M41L and L210W (TAM-1 pattern), T215F rarely occurs with these mutations or by it

Abstract: Whereas introduction of L210W improved the relative fitness of an M41L/T215Y mutant in the presence of ZDV, introduction of this mutation into a D67N/K70R/K219Q background resulted in decreased relative fitness in the presence or absence of drug.