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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Evolution of zidovudine resistance-associated genotypes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients.
 PMID: 8624762       1996       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology
Abstract: In p87, K70R also appeared at 4 months, but T215Y and K219Q were not observed until 18 months and M41L not at all.
Abstract: In patient p74, K70R appeared after 4 months, T215Y at 5.5 months, and M41L at 13 months.
Abstract: The evolution of the viral population in that patient was dominated by the unique appearance of T215Y and subsequently M41L, with all sequences from the last time point being descended by a single path from the pretreatment samples.


  Zidovudine resistance is suppressed by mutations conferring resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to foscarnet.
 PMID: 8794364       1996       Journal of virology
Abstract: Highly PFA-resistant HIV- 1 strains were hypersusceptible to AZT; conversely, AZT-resistant strains with M41L and T215Y; M41L, L210W, and T215Y; or M41L, D67N, K70R, and T215Y mutations were 2.2- to 2.5-fold hypersusceptible to PFA.


  Development of zidovudine resistance mutations in patients receiving prolonged didanosine monotherapy.
 PMID: 7594706       1995       The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: However, after prolonged ddI monotherapy, mutations associated with zidovudine resistance (M41L, D67N, K70R, and/or T215Y) were detected in HIV-1 isolates from both patients.


  Zidovudine treatment results in the selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants whose genotypes confer increasing levels of drug resistance.
 PMID: 7509370       1994       The Journal of general virology
Abstract: High level resistance to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine or Retrovir) is conferred by the presence of four or five mutations (Met-41-->Leu; Asp-67-->Asn; Lys-70-->Arg; Thr-215-->Tyr or Phe; Lys-219-->Gln) in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase.


  Mutagenic study of codons 74 and 215 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, which are significant in nucleoside analog resistance.
 PMID: 7512165       1994       Journal of virology
Abstract: The Thr-215-->Phe virus was less AZT resistant than the Thr-215-->Tyr mutant, both on its own and when each was combined with the Met-41-->Leu mutant.


  Apparent selection against transmission of zidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants.
 PMID: 8158034       1994       The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: Two of these patients had a single mutation (Thr215-->Tyr), and 2 had a double mutation (Met41-->Leu and Thr215-->Tyr) that previously has been shown to confer zidovudine resistance.


  Fifth mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase contributes to the development of high-level resistance to zidovudine.
 PMID: 1371886       1992       Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Abstract: Using an HIV marker rescue system, we have mapped and identified a fifth mutation conferring resistance to zidovudine, namely, methionine to leucine at codon 41 of HIV RT.



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