Nucleoside analog resistance caused by insertions in the fingers of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase involves ATP-mediated excision.
Abstract: However, unlike the classic AZT resistance mutations (M41L/D67N/K70R/T215Y or F/K219E or Q), the combination of the amino acid insertions in the fingers and the T215Y mutation allows efficient excision of ddTMP and d4TMP, even when relatively high levels of deoxynucleoside triphosphates are present in the reaction.
Crystal structures of Zidovudine- or Lamivudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptases containing mutations at codons 41, 184, and 215.
Abstract: Model building M41L and T215Y into HIV-1 RT-DNA and docking in ATP that is utilized in the pyrophosphorolysis reaction for AZT resistance indicates that some conformational rearrangement appears necessary in RT for ATP to interact simultaneously with the M41L and T215Y mutations.
Abstract: Six structures of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) containing combinations of resistance mutations for zidovudine (AZT) (M41L and T215Y) or lamivudine (M184V) have been determined as inhibitor complexes.
Persistence of earlier HIV-1 drug resistance mutations at new treatment failure.
Abstract: After changing from zidovudine- to stavudine-containing regimens, the thymidine analogue mutations (especially M41L and T215Y/F) were found at new treatment failure in almost all patients.
Development of drug resistance in HIV-1 patients receiving a combination of stavudine, lamivudine and efavirenz.
PMID: 12385703
2002
International journal of antimicrobial agents
Abstract: Results showed that viruses carrying primary mutations, usually K103N, T215Y and M41L, presented higher levels of HIV-1 RNA, suggesting an association between a precise mutation pattern and treatment failure.
Analysis of the Zidovudine Resistance Mutations T215Y, M41L, and L210W in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase.
PMID: 12435689
2002
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: A rapid zidovudine (ZDV) resistance genotypic assay was developed based on the mutagenically separated PCR (MS-PCR) technique to detect two ZDV-resistant mutations, M41L and K70R in CRF01_AE (subtype E).
Genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns in early-stage HIV-1-infected patients failing initial therapy with stavudine, didanosine and nevirapine.
Abstract: Finally, one patient (7%) had exclusively TAM mutations (M41L).
Abstract: Four of these seven patients also had thymidine analogue-associated mutations (TAM) (T215Y/F [2/4], M41L [1/4], D67N [2/4] and K70R [1/4]).
Analysis of HIV-1 mutation patterns in patients failing antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 11170234
2001
Journal of clinical laboratory analysis
Abstract: The most frequent RT mutations were T215Y/F, M41L, and M184V (41.9, 40.8, and 40.8%, respectively), while L63P, L10R/V, and A71V/T (58, 41.9, and 34.4%, respectively) were the most represented protease substitutions.
Primary genotypic and phenotypic HIV-1 drug resistance in recent seroconverters in Madrid.
PMID: 11242181
2001
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: A median infectious dose (IC50) increase of fourfold for any drug was found in 7 patients, and in 2 was > tenfold for zidovudine (genotype M41L + T215Y) and lamivudine (genotype M184V), respectively.
Abstract: Zidovudine-resistance mutations M41L and/or T215Y were the commonest, found in 20% (6 of 30 participants).
4'-Ethynyl nucleoside analogs: potent inhibitors of multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus variants in vitro.
PMID: 11302824
2001
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: These 4'-E analogs also suppressed replication of various drug-resistant HIV-1 clones, including HIV-1(M41L/T215Y), HIV-1(K65R), HIV-1(L74V), HIV-1(M41L/T69S-S-G/T215Y), and HIV-1(A62V/V75I/F77L/F116Y/Q151M).
Vertical transmission of multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and continued evolution of drug resistance in an HIV-1-infected infant.
PMID: 11343221
2001
The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: The infant had proviral DNA with evidence of RT mutations (M41L, L74V, and T215Y) and 3 PR substitutions (K20R, M36I, and V82A).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2002
Journal of virology
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