Drug Resistance Mutations Against Protease, Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors in People Living With HIV-1 Receiving Boosted Protease Inhibitors in South Africa.
Conclusion: A genotype resistance test (GRT) in June 2002 (Trugene HIV-1 Genotyping Assay, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics GmbH, Eschborn, Germany) showed extensive resistance in the RT region (M41L, E44D, D67N, V118L, M184V, L210W, and T215Y) and the PR region (L10I, M46L, L63P, V82T, and L90M), and a tropism test in 2013 (envelope glycoprotein (gp)120 V3 loop sequencing) revealed a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) tropic virus with a false positive rate of 91.3% (geno2pheno c
Prevalence of acquired drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral- experiencing subjects from 2012 to 2017 in Hunan Province of central South China.
Result: The most common primary NRTI mutations detected included M184V (62.04%), K65R (20.24%), K70R (15.01%), T215D/S (9.41%), Y115F (7.22%) and M41L (6.35%).
Table: M41L
Defective Strand-Displacement DNA Synthesis Due to Accumulation of Thymidine Analogue Resistance Mutations in HIV-2 Reverse Transcriptase.
Abstract: A mutant human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) RT (M41L/D67N/K70R/S215Y) with low strand displacement activity was identified after screening a panel of purified enzymes, including several antiretroviral drug-resistant HIV-1 and HIV-2 RTs.
Abstract: In HIV-1, resistance to zidovudine and other thymidine analogues is conferred b
Abstract: In contrast, mutants D67N/K70R/S215Y and M41L/D67N/K70R/S215Y were the most defective RTs in reactions carried out with nicked and gapped substrates.
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease mutations for drug-resistance detection among treatment-experienced and naive HIV-infected individuals.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Viral Load Is Elevated in Individuals With Reverse-Transcriptase Mutation M184V/I During Virological Failure of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Is Associated With Compensatory Mutation L74I.
PMID: 31774913
2020
The Journal of infectious diseases
Method: Because some individuals may have been exposed to thymidine analogs before TDF-containing regimens, we excluded individuals with sequences containing TAMs:M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E.
Pretreatment HIV drug resistance spread within transmission clusters in Mexico City.
PMID: 31819984
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: Frequent NRTI DRMs included the thymidine analogue mutations M41L, L210W and T215S.
High resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype circulating recombinant form 02_AG in Ghana and on antiretroviral therapy.
Discussion: T215Y/F and K219E are major TAMs which give rise to high-level resistance to Zidovudine and Stavudine, especially when the mutations occur in concert with accessory TAMs like M41L, D67N, and K70R.
Discussion: Other mutations detected in this study, which have been shown to confer resistance to NRTIs, were M184I, T69N, L74I, M41L, K70R/E, T215Y/F, and K219E.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
Frontiers in microbiology
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