Abstract: Of 925 patients with VL >= 1000 copies/mL, 495 (53.5%) acquired HIVDR, the most common DRAM were K103N 43.8%, M184I/V 43.2%, M41L 19.0%, D67N/G 16.4%, V181C/I/V 14.5%, G190A/S 13.9% and K101E 13.7% (multidrug resistance: 75.8%), and patients with HIVDR had a higher risk of CD4 cell counts < 200 cells/muL (AOR 5.8, 95% CI 4.6-7.4, p < 0.01) comparing with those without HIVDR.
Emergence of Resistance in HIV-1 Integrase with Dolutegravir Treatment in a Pediatric Population from the IMPAACT P1093 Study.
PMID: 34694878
2022
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Table: M41L
Deep sequencing of HIV-1 reveals extensive subtype variation and drug resistance after failure of first-line antiretroviral regimens in Nigeria.
PMID: 34741609
2022
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: M184V was present in 87% of participants (88/101) at >=2% frequency, Y181C in 61% (62/101), K103N in 43% (41/101), M41L in 32% (32/101) and G190A in 31% (31/101).
Result: Sixteen participants had all of the TAM 1 pathway mutations (M41L, L210W and T215Y), 11 had all of the TAM 2 pathway mutations (D67N, K70R, T215F and K219Q/E) and four had the mutations for both pathways.
Diversity of HIV-1 Subtypes and Transmitted Drug-resistance Mutations Among Minority HIV-1 Variants in a Turkish Cohort.
Abstract: M41L, L74I, K65R, M184V, and M184I related to NRTI, K103N to NNRTI, and N83D, M46I, I84V, V82A, L24I, L90M, I54V to the PI sites were identified using NGS.
Abstract: Most mutations were found in low-abundance (frequency range: 1.0 % - 4.7 %) HIV-1 variants, except M41L and K103N.
Rising rates of recent preexposure prophylaxis exposure among men having sex with men newly diagnosed with HIV: antiviral resistance patterns and treatment outcomes.
Result: M41L in addition to A62V was found in Belarus (3/158; 1.9%) and Tajikistan (2/54; 3.7%).
Table: M41L
Discussion: Common NRTI DRMs included polymorphic mutations for sub-subtype A6, including A62V, M41L and L210W, which are associated with low levels of DR to AZT, and T69D, which has a minimal effect on susceptibility to drugs.
Trends of Transmitted and Acquired Drug Resistance in Europe From 1981 to 2019: A Comparison Between the Populations of Late Presenters and Non-late Presenters.
Abstract: The most prevalent TDR drug resistance mutations, in both LP and NLP, were K103N/S, T215rev, T215FY, M184I/V, M41I/L, M46I/L, and L90M.
Prevalence and patterns of HIV drug resistance in patients with suspected virological failure in North-Western Tanzania.
PMID: 35107140
2022
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Common mutations in RT were M184V (75%), T215Y (41.1%), K103N (39.3%), M41L (32.1%), D67DN (30.3%), G190A (28.6%) and A98G (26.8%).
Table: M41L
Discussion: The most plausible explanations for the occurrence of T215Y, D67N, M41L, K219K/Q and K70R TAMs among patients with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based ART regimen failure are that these TAMs were transmitted drug resistance RAMs (TDR-RAMs) or were selected by exposure to undisclosed thymidine analogue-based regimens.
Prevalence of transmitted drug resistance among ART-naive HIV-infected individuals, Beijing, 2015-2018.
PMID: 35092830
2022
Journal of global antimicrobial resistance
Abstract: The thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) M41L/LM (4, 0.12%) and non-TAMs mutations M184V/MV/MI (8; 0.24%) were the primary NRTI-associated resistance mutations.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
BMC infectious diseases
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