Discussion: M36I occurred in 28 viruses (98%), T74S occurred in two viruses (7%), I93L occurred in 27 isolates with a prevalence of 93%, and V82I occurred in one virus (3.4%).
Discussion: These observations are similar to those of a previous report, with 93% prevalence for both M36I and I93L.
Characterization of protease resistance-associated mutations in HIV type 1 drug-naive patients following the increasing prevalence of the CRF02_AG strain in Morocco.
PMID: 22145994
2012
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: These results support the importance of transmitted drug resistance mutations (M36I/L, H69K, and L89M) in the protease gene of HIV-1 CRF02_AG isolates.
Abstract: When compared to the B subtype, patients with the CRF02_AG strain had a significantly higher prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to some antiprotease drugs, mainly tipranavir (TPV): H69K (97% vs. 5%; p<0.0001), L89M (95% vs. 1%; p<0.0001), and M36I/L (93% vs. 44%; p<0.0001).
HIV-1 drug resistant mutations in chronically infected treatment naive individuals in the pre-ARV era in Nigeria.
PMID: 23678638
2012
African journal of medicine and medical sciences
Abstract: Ten of the 64 (15.6%) samples with positive PCR had mutations for PR inhibitors (PI) including R8D, I 15V, G16E, M36I, M46L, L63P and H69K, while 5 of 63 harbored RT inhibitor (NRTI/NNRTI); V179I, A98T, V179E and A98S.
Short communication: Drug resistance mutations in the HIV type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase genes in antiretroviral-naive Vietnamese children.
PMID: 22260721
2012
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Minor mutations were found in the protease gene, including L10I, I13V, G16E, M36I, D60E, I62V, I64V, L63P, H69K, V82I, and I93L.
Abstract: Of these mutations, M36I and H69K were detected in all of the strains that were studied.
HIV-1 protease with 20 mutations exhibits extreme resistance to clinical inhibitors through coordinated structural rearrangements.
Result: All the PR20 structures show the same large structural change in the flap hinge region (residues 34 to 43) relative to the corresponding wild-type PR structures, which is attributed in part to the E35D, M36I and S37N mutations (Figure 5A).
Result: All three residues are mutated in PR20 where the M36I mutation causes the loop to rearrange so that the shorter Ile36 side chain maintains hydrophobic contacts with mutated I15V and I33F.
Result: Although PR20 and MDR769 exhibit similar twisting of the hinge loop due to the M36I mutation, PR20 bears other mutations in
Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 Isolates in Antiretroviral Therapy Naive Population from Northern India.
Result: Accessory minor PI mutations K20R, M36I, and H69K were seen in 7.3% (5/68), 97% (66/68), and 49% (33/68) patients, respectively; L63P, A71E, A71V, I13V, L10V, K45I, and K45R were observed in one patient each.
Impact of lopinavir/ritonavir use on antiretroviral resistance in recent clinical practice.
PMID: 22733652
2012
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Mutations in the protease gene significantly selected between baseline and failure were L10V, K20R, L33F, M36I, I47V, I54V, A71V and I85V (P < 0.05).
Prevalence of Drug Resistance and Associated Mutations in a Population of HIV-1(+) Puerto Ricans: 2006-2010.
Result: M36I was the second most common mutation for 2006 (164 of 707, 23.2%), while this position was occupied by V77I for the reminder of the study with prevalences of (201 of 608, 33.1%), (222 of 706, 31.4%), (125 of 340, 36.8%), and (45 of 139, 32.4%).
Result: Statistically significant differences between men and women were recorded for A71V (P = 0.05) and L90M (P = 0.04) in 2006, and M36I (P = 0.005) in 2008.
Discussion: M36I, a mutation that allows faster in vitro HIV-1 replication regardless of the presence of protease inhibitors, was the second most common mutation for 2006.
Antiretroviral resistance in HIV-infected Saudi children failing first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Abstract: In 80% of isolates piM36I was detected, while rtM184V was detected in 70% of the isolates and was associated with cross-resistance to at least two nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTI).
Abstract: Mutations M36I and M184V were more frequent for PIs, NRTIs and Result: The most common mutation (found in 71% of strains) was piM36I (Table 2).
Discussion: The most common mutations were piM36I and piL90M, found in 70% and 42% of our patients, respectively.