literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Effectiveness of a Treatment Switch to Nevirapine plus Tenofovir and Emtricitabine (or Lamivudine) in Adults with HIV-1 Suppressed Viremia.

PMID: 26107265 2015 PloS one

Result: Sixteen out of 23 (70%) had NNRTI mutations (Y181C/I/D: 10; K103N: 6; V106A/I: 3; Y188C/L: 2; K101Q/E: 2; M230L: 1; P225H: 1; A98G: 1; V108I: 1; F227L: 1; K238T: 1), and 10 had >1 NNRTI mutation.

Table: M230L

The Evolving Genotypic Profile of HIV-1 Mutations Related to Antiretroviral Treatment in the North Region of Brazil.

PMID: 26543866 2015 BioMed research international

Result: At the time of the analysis, K103N (p < 0.001) and P225H (p = 0.037) were associated with the first regimen failure, while G190S (p = 0.013) and M230L (p = 0.008) were associated with the second failure.

Discussion: M230L alone produces moderate resistance to ETR, while G190S requires at least another mutation of equal weight to establish resistance.

Discussion: Although our patients did not use the second-generation NNRTI, etravirine (ETR), cross-resistance to this drug was significant in regimens of second failure (31.9%), associated with G190S and M230L mutations.

HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance in Honduras after a Decade of Widespread Antiretroviral Therapy.

PMID: 26558396 2015 PloS one

Table: M230L

HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations: Potential Applications for Point-of-Care Genotypic Resistance Testing.

PMID: 26717411 2015 PloS one

Figure: Major NNRTI-associated DRMs (HIVDB score >=60) included: L100I, K101P, K103N/S, V106A/M, Y181C/I/V, Y188L/H/C, G190A/S/E/Q, and M230L.

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) cross-resistance: implications for preclinical evaluation of novel NNRTIs and clinical genotypic resistance testing.

PMID: 23934770 2014 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: K101H, E138G, V179F and M230L mutations, associated with reduced susceptibility to etravirine and rilpivirine, were also associated with reduced susceptibility to nevirapine and/or efavirenz.

Drug resistance in children at virological failure in a rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, cohort.

PMID: 24444369 2014 AIDS research and therapy

Table: M230L

Characteristics of HIV-1 natural drug resistance-associated mutations in former paid blood donors in Henan Province, China.

PMID: 24586665 2014 PloS one

Discussion: Results from the HIV-1 drug resistance mutation research by the International AIDS Society-USA (updated in March 2013) have revealed that PI resistance mutation sites are L10I, K20M, V32I, M36I, M46I/L, I47V/A, I50V, Q58E, A71V, G73S, V82A/F/T, I84V, L89V,L90M; NRTIs resistance mutations are M41L, A62V,

PMID: 24704709 2014 Antiviral therapy

Abstract: METHODS: In total, 15,991 samples submitted to Monogram Biosciences (South San Francisco, CA, USA) for routine resistance testing between January 2010 and June 2011 were assessed for the presence of known rilpivirine RAMs K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Abstract: Median FC values >2.0 were observed for clinical isolates with rilpivirine RAMs K101P, E138Q/R, Y181C/I/V, Y188L or M230L, and for the combination of E138K with M184I/V, and K101E with M184I.

Transmitted drug resistance to rilpivirine among antiretroviral-naive patients living with HIV from northern Poland.

PMID: 24746180 2014 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Abstract: RPV-associated mutations were divided into RPV resistance mutations (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L) according to the International AIDS Society-USA (IAS-USA) mutation list and variants potentially affecting RPV susceptibility (L100I, K101H/T, E138S, V179F/D/G/T, G190A/E/S, F227L and M230V) based on the

E138A in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is more common in subtype C than B: implications for rilpivirine use in resource-limited settings.

PMID: 24746459 2014 Antiviral research

Introduction: Although RPV has been reported to have higher in vitro genetic barrier to resistance, at least 17 single substitutions in HIV-1 RT (L100I, K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L) have been associated with a decreased virologic response to this NNRTI.

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