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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Mechanisms of HIV-1 Nef function and intracellular signaling.
 PMID: 21336563       2011       Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology
Abstract: These are M20A, E62A/E63A/E64A/E65A (AAAA), P72A/P75A (AXXA), R106A, L164A/L165A, and D174A/D175A.
Method: M20A eliminated the ability of Nef to downregulate MHCI in infected CEM cells, but had no effect on CD4 downregulation or the infectivity of HIV-1 virions in single
Method: For AAAA, AXXA, and R106A, phenotypic equivalence with conservative mutations is not the case and for M20A and for LLAA it has not been tested.


  Evasion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes is a functional constraint maintaining HIV-1 Nef expression.
 PMID: 16206233       2005       European journal of immunology
Abstract: HIV-1 with functional Nef (wild type, WT) is compared to virus containing a Nef point mutation (M20A) that selectively ablates MHC-I down-regulation.
Abstract: These viruses grow similarly in vitro in the absence of CTL, but the presence of Gag- or RT-specific CTL strongly favors WT overgrowth of M20A.
Abstract: WT-infected cells are relatively resistant to cytolysis and less suppressed for viral replication by Gag- and RT-specific CTL compared to M20A.


  Different effects of Nef-mediated HLA class I down-regulation on human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8(+) T-cell cytolytic activity and cytokine production.
 PMID: 12097566       2002       Journal of virology
Abstract: HIV-1-specific CTL clones were not able to kill primary CD4(+) T cells infected with a Nef-positive HIV-1 strain (NL-432) but efficiently lysed CD4(+) T cells infected with NL-M20A.
Abstract: Interestingly, CTL clones stimulated with NL-432-infected CD4(+) T cells were able to produce cytokines, albeit at a lower level than when stimulated with NL-M20A-infected CD4(+) T cells.
Abstract: Replication of NL-432 was partially suppressed in a coculture of HIV-1-infected CD4(+) T cells and HIV-1-specific CTL clones, while replication of NL-M20A was completely suppressed.



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