Result: However, the distributions of M184 V/I (chi2 = 7.289, p < 0.05) and M41L (p < 0.05) were significantly different among CRF01_AE, subtype B, and CRF07_BC, respectively.
Result: In NRTI coding regions, M184V/I was the most frequent mutation, accounting for 30.4% (65/214), followed by K70R (8.4%, 18/214), D67N (5.6%, 12/214), M41L (5.4%, 11/214), and T215Y (5.4%, 11/214).
Result: One participant infected through heterosexual contact harbored dual mutations in NRTIs (T69N, Table: M184V/I
Table: M184V
Surveillance of HIV-1 pol transmitted drug resistance in acutely and recently infected antiretroviral drug-naive persons in rural western Kenya.
Abstract: Predominant TDR mutations in the reverse transcriptase included K103N/S (4.6%) and M184V (2.3%); only M46I/L (1.1%) occurred in the protease.
Discussion: M184V is however generally highly revertant.
Discussion: Although studies have suggested a low fitness and hence transmission of M184V mutation, studies using more sensitive genotyping assays have shown that this mutation may still be transmitted as minority variants.
Discussion: Contrary to other studies in East Africa, we also observed a high frequency of M184V mutation.
Discussion: The levels of observed NRTI mutations may suggest a change from the predominantly PMID: 28212411
2017
PloS one
Result: Among the 7 patients with emergent T97A alone (i.e., in the absence of primary INSTI RAMs) at virologic failure and available clinical follow-up (7 of 8), 1 patient [1 TN patient on EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF] maintained M184V in reverse transcriptase and T97A in integrase before regaining virologic suppression with no change in therapy (1 of 7 with data; 14%) and 6 TE patients remained viremic (6 of 7 with data; 86%).
Result: The 1 TN patient with emergent T97A in year 3 (from Study 236-0103) co-developed NRTI (M184V) resistance on EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF at their first protocol-defined virologic failure visit and then later regained virologic suppression by Week 144 at which point s
Temporal Patterns and Drug Resistance in CSF Viral Escape Among ART-Experienced HIV-1 Infected Adults.
PMID: 28328546
2017
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: M184V/I mutations were present in CSF isolates among 17 of 23 cases (74%) with plasma HIV RNA <=50 copies per milliliter.
Result: The most common CSF mutations in RT were M184V and M184I (19% of all CSF mutations identified).
Discussion: A recent study showed that low-level of CSF HIV-1 RNA was associated with better neurocognitive outcomes, and hypothesized that one mechanism was through DRMs such as M184V, which reduce viral fitness but may stimulate a more effective immune response.
Discussion: However, the combination of poor CSF penetration by tenofovir, a widely used NRTI in ART and M184V/I mutation leading to emtricitabine or lamuvidine resistance may lower the threshold for subsequent CSF mutations th
Characterization of HIV Seroconverters in a TDF/FTC PrEP Study: HPTN 067/ADAPT.
PMID: 28328548
2017
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Introduction: M184I/V drug resistance mutations, which confer resistance to FTC, are seen more commonly in the setting of PrEP than the K65R mutation, which confers resistance to TDF.
Fidelity of classwide-resistant HIV-2 reverse transcriptase and differential contribution of K65R to the accuracy of HIV-1 and HIV-2 reverse transcriptases.
Introduction: An estimated prevalence of 9% has been reported for the combination of K65R, Q151M and M184V in a European cohort of HIV-2-infected patients treated with antiretroviral drugs.
Introduction: As previously shown in HIV-1, K65R arises in HIV-2-infected patients exposed to tenofovir and other NRTIs, while M184V confers high-level resistance to approved cytidine analogues.
Introduction: By themselves, amino acid substitutions K65R, Q151M or M184V in HIV-1 RT confer reduced catalytic efficiency of nucleotide analogue incorporation (review).
Introduction: Consistently with those findings, mutant HIV-1 with PMID: 28365230
2017
EBioMedicine
Method: The
Discussion: M184I has been reported to often precede the development of M184V among individuals receiving a cytosine analog.
Discussion: In these individuals, M184V eventually replaces M184I because its replication capacity is less attenuated than that of M184I.
Discussion: In these trials, few individuals with VF developed RT mutations other than NNRTI-resistance mutations and the cytosine analog resistance mutations M184V/I.
Discussion: Of the cytosine analog resistance mutations, M184V occurred more commonly in the thymidine analog group whereas M184I occurred more commonly in the TDF group.
An association between K65R and HIV-1 subtype C viruses in patients treated with multiple NRTIs.
PMID: 28379449
2017
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Introduction: It is well established that the M184V mutation develops quickly in patients failing on emtricitabine/lamivudine, which is not the case for K65R even though it requires only a single nucleotide A-G change at reverse transcriptase (RT) codon 65 to cause the lysine to arginine amino acid change.
Etravirine combined with antiretrovirals other than darunavir/ritonavir for HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced adults: Week 48 results of a phase IV trial.
Result: Emerging NRTI RAMs were M41L, L74V, K219Q (1/49), D67N, M184I, T215Y (2/49), and M184V (3/49).
High Prevalence of Abacavir-associated L74V/I Mutations in Kenyan Children Failing Antiretroviral Therapy.
PMID: 28383390
2017
The Pediatric infectious disease journal
Result: All 37 children with L74V/I mutations also had M184V and thus high-level resistance to ABC from this combination of mutations.
Discussion: L74 mutations alone cause intermediate-level resistance to ABC but when combined with the common mutation M184V as was the case for every child with identified L74V/I in our study, this causes high-level resistance to ABC and likely necessitates a change in the ART regimen to regain virologic suppression.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2017
AIDS research and therapy
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