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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Role of the K101E substitution in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in resistance to rilpivirine and other nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
 PMID: 24002090       2013       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Previous biochemical and virological studies have shown that compensatory interactions between substitutions E138K and M184I can restore enzyme processivity and the viral replication capacity.
Abstract: Resistance to the recently approved nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) rilpivirine (RPV) commonly involves substitutions at positions E138K and K101E in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), together with an M184I substitution that is associated with resistance to coutilized emtricitabine (FTC).
Abstract: The current study was designed to investigate the impact of K101E, alone or in combination with


  Prevalence and mutation patterns of HIV drug resistance from 2010 to 2011 among ART-failure individuals in the Yunnan Province, China.
 PMID: 24009694       2013       PloS one
Abstract: Mutations such as M184V/I, K103N, V106A, Y181C and G190A were common among the ART-failure individuals, and the frequencies of M184V/I, K103N and V106A were 28.2%, 19.2%, and 22.1%, respectively.
Result: M184V/I was the most prevalent mutation associated with resistance to NRTI, with a frequency of 28.2%.


  Increased risk of Q151M and K65R mutations in patients failing stavudine-containing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Cambodia.
 PMID: 24015311       2013       PloS one
Result: The most frequently detected mutations were: M184I/V (92.3%), Y181C/I/V (47.1%), T215I/C/F/N/S (38.8%), D67E/G/N (37.3%), K103N/R/S (33.9%), and G190A/Q/S (32.5%).


  Increasing trends in primary NNRTI resistance among newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
 PMID: 24093951       2013       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Method: Sequences were analyzed to identify mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to protease and RT inhibitors, as reported by the International AIDS Society-USA in 2010: RT-M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, 69 insert, K70R, L74V,V75I, F77L, L100I, K101P, K103N, V106A, V106M, V108I, Y115F, F116Y,


  Adherence as a predictor of the development of class-specific resistance mutations: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.
 PMID: 24147057       2013       PloS one
Table: M184V/I


  Incidence and risk factors for first line anti retroviral treatment failure among Ugandan children attending an urban HIV clinic.
 PMID: 24215971       2013       AIDS research and therapy
Discussion: In the same study M184V/I occurred in 84%, K65R in 11%, and Q151M in 5% with TAMs occurring in 18% of the NRTIs resistance mutations.


  [Resistance profile of rilpivirine].
 PMID: 24252532       2013       Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
Abstract: This mutation is usually associated with M184I due to a double compensatory effect of this combination, which confers resistance to RPV, as well as to lamivudine and emtricitabine.


  High Efficacy of Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in People with Suppressed HIV and Preexisting M184 V/I.
 PMID: 21997204       2012       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Addition of M184I, but not M184V, to E138K, further decreased susceptibility to RPV and maintained FTC resistance.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The registrational phase III clinical trials of the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor (NNRTI) rilpivirine (RPV) in combination with two nucleoside/nucleotide RT inhibitors (NRTIs) found a unique genotypic resistance pattern involving the NNRTI mutation E138K with the NRTI mutation M184I.
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: The higher frequency of E138K and  PMID: 22067667       2012       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: More rilpivirine VFs had treatment-emergent nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor RAMs than efavirenz VFs [68% (42 of 62) versus 32% (9 of 28), respectively], most commonly M184I and M184V.
Abstract: The frequent emergence of E138K, especially in combination with M184I, in rilpivirine VFs is a unique finding of these trials.


  The impact of molecular manipulation in residue 114 of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase on dNTP substrate binding and viral replication.
 PMID: 22153297       2012       Virology
Introduction: M184I, for example, is a transient 3TC resistant mutation, ultimately resulting in M184V.
Introduction: The M184I mutation was also found to change the tropism of an HIV-1 vector, preventing it from transducing human macrophages.
Introduction: The requirement of a certain volume in the active site of RT for an incoming dNTP would represent unique mechanism of substrate binding; unlike the mutation Q151N, that decreases the dNTP binding through a loss of interaction or M184I, which results in a steric clash with the incoming dNTP.



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