Population-based monitoring of emerging HIV-1 drug resistance on antiretroviral therapy and associated factors in a sentinel site in Cameroon: low levels of resistance but poor programmatic performance.
Abstract: 4/7 patients with viremia >=1000 copies/ml harbored HIVDR (prevalence: 5.3%; 4/76), with M184V/I (4/4) and K103K/N (3/4) being the most prevalent mutations.
Result: Specifically, the most frequent mutations were M184V/I (4/4) conferring high level resistance to 2 NRTIs (lamivudine and emtricitabine), K103K/N (3/4) conferring high level resistance 2 NNRTIs (nevirapine and efavirenz), while only one mutation to thymidine analogs (mainly zidovudine and stavudine) was identified.
Table: M184I
Role of the K101E substitution in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in resistance to rilpivirine and other nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
PMID: 24002090
2013
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Previous biochemical and virological studies have shown that compensatory interactions between substitutions E138K and M184I can restore enzyme processivity and the viral replication capacity.
Abstract: Resistance to the recently approved nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) rilpivirine (RPV) commonly involves substitutions at positions E138K and K101E in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), together with an M184I substitution that is associated with resistance to coutilized emtricitabine (FTC).
Abstract: The current study was designed to investigate the impact of K101E, alone or in combination with
Prevalence and mutation patterns of HIV drug resistance from 2010 to 2011 among ART-failure individuals in the Yunnan Province, China.
Abstract: Mutations such as M184V/I, K103N, V106A, Y181C and G190A were common among the ART-failure individuals, and the frequencies of M184V/I, K103N and V106A were 28.2%, 19.2%, and 22.1%, respectively.
Result: M184V/I was the most prevalent mutation associated with resistance to NRTI, with a frequency of 28.2%.
Increased risk of Q151M and K65R mutations in patients failing stavudine-containing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Cambodia.
Result: The most frequently detected mutations were: M184I/V (92.3%), Y181C/I/V (47.1%), T215I/C/F/N/S (38.8%), D67E/G/N (37.3%), K103N/R/S (33.9%), and G190A/Q/S (32.5%).
Increasing trends in primary NNRTI resistance among newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
PMID: 24093951
2013
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Method: Sequences were analyzed to identify mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to protease and RT inhibitors, as reported by the International AIDS Society-USA in 2010: RT-M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, 69 insert, K70R, L74V,V75I, F77L, L100I, K101P, K103N, V106A, V106M, V108I, Y115F, F116Y,
Adherence as a predictor of the development of class-specific resistance mutations: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.
Discussion: In the same study M184V/I occurred in 84%, K65R in 11%, and Q151M in 5% with TAMs occurring in 18% of the NRTIs resistance mutations.
[Resistance profile of rilpivirine].
PMID: 24252532
2013
Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
Abstract: This mutation is usually associated with M184I due to a double compensatory effect of this combination, which confers resistance to RPV, as well as to lamivudine and emtricitabine.
Molecular Hybridization-Inspired Optimization of Diarylbenzopyrimidines as HIV-1 Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Improved Activity against K103N and E138K Mutants and Pharmacokinetic Profiles.
PMID: 21997204
2012
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Addition of M184I, but not M184V, to E138K, further decreased susceptibility to RPV and maintained FTC resistance.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The registrational phase III clinical trials of the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor (NNRTI) rilpivirine (RPV) in combination with two nucleoside/nucleotide RT inhibitors (NRTIs) found a unique genotypic resistance pattern involving the NNRTI mutation E138K with the NRTI mutation M184I.
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: The higher frequency of E138K and PMID: 21997204
2012
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Viruses with M184V or M184I showed high-level resistance to FTC and full susceptibility to RPV and TFV.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2013
PloS one
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