Abstract: M184I/V and E138K are signature mutations of clinical relevance in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) for the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC) and the second-generation (new) nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) rilpivirine (RPV), respectively, and the E138K mutation has also been shown to be selected by etravirine in cell culture.
Abstract: The E138K mutation was recently shown to compensate for the low enzyme processivity and viral fitness associated with the M184I/V mutations through enhanced deoxyn
High Efficacy of Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in People with Suppressed HIV and Preexisting M184 V/I.
Abstract: Additionally, analysis of 601 patients PBMCs sequences revealed that the copresence of mutations E138K and M184I were never detected in nonhypermutated sequences, whereas these mutations were found at a high frequency (24%) in the context of APOBEC3 editing and in the absence of exposure to etravirine-rilpivirine.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent clinical trials with rilpivirine combined with emtricitabine and tenofovir revealed that patients failing treatment, frequently, harbored viruses encoding resistance-associated mutations in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase at position E138K and M184I.
Abstract: CONCLUSION: We demonstrate using in-vitro experiments and analyzing patients PBMCs sequences that M184I and E138K resistance-associat
Response of simian immunodeficiency virus to the novel nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine in vitro and in vivo.
PMID: 22713337
2012
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Although the rebound virus contained the M184V/I mutation in the viral reverse transcriptase, EFdA was fully effective in maintaining suppression of mutant virus throughout the drug treatment period.
Assessing subtypes and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1 infected children who failed antiretroviral therapy in Kelantan, Malaysia.
PMID: 22729198
2012
The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: The most prevalent RT mutations were T215F/V/Y (66.7%), D67G/N (55.6%), K219Q/E/R (44.4%), M184V/I (38.9%), K70R/E (27.8%) and M41L (27.8%), associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) resistance; and K103N (55.6%), G190A (33.3%), and K101P/E/H (27.8%) associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) resistance.
Connection domain mutations during antiretroviral treatment failure in Mali: frequencies and impact on reverse transcriptase inhibitor activity.
PMID: 22828721
2012
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: On univariate analysis, M184V/I was associated with 'other' CD mutations (OR 2.91 [1.03-8.2], P= 0.043).
Result: The most prevalent N-terminal mutations were M184V/I (55.2%), Y181C/I/V (29.2%), K103N (20.8%) and TAMs (19.8%).
Trends in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase resistance-associated mutations and antiretroviral prescription data from 2003-2010.
Abstract: Among samples resembling those typical of first-line NNRTI-based failures, prevalence of K103N increased slightly, but prevalence of M184V/I decreased (49.8% to 36.8%), as did other NRTI RAMs.
Abstract: Emtricitabine (FTC) or lamivudine (3TC), components of recommended initial ARV regimens, are structurally related and share the same resistance mutation (M184V/I).
Abstract: However they differ with respect to potency and incidence of M184V/I.
Abstract: RESULTS: In the unfiltered data set (n=107,231), the prevalence in 2010 decreased compared to 2003 for all nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) RAMs, such as PMID: 22860080
2012
PloS one
Result: Six patients had HIV RNA load above 500 copies/mL and all presented the M184I/V mutations associated with HIV resistance to 3TC.
Rilpivirine, a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the management of HIV-1 infection: a systematic review.
Abstract: The most common mutation that emerged during RPV therapy was E138K, which often occurred in combination with M184I.
Clinical, virological and biochemical evidence supporting the association of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase polymorphism R284K and thymidine analogue resistance mutations M41L, L210W and T215Y in patients failing tenofovir/emtricitabine therapy.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2012
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