Ultrasensitive allele-specific PCR reveals rare preexisting drug-resistant variants and a large replicating virus population in macaques infected with a simian immunodeficiency virus containing human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase.
Abstract: We detected RT inhibitor (RTI) resistance mutations K65R and M184I but not K103N in 2 of 2 RT-SHIV-infected macaques prior to EFV exposure.
Biochemical mechanism of HIV-1 resistance to rilpivirine.
PMID: 22955279
2012
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: Virological failure during therapy with RPV and emtricitabine is associated with the appearance of E138K and M184I mutations in RT.
Abstract: We compared WT with four subunit-specific RT mutants, p66(M184I)/p51(WT), p66(E138K)/p51(E138K), p66(E138K/M184I)/p51(E138K), and p66(M184I)/p51(E138K).
Persistence versus reversion of 3TC resistance in HIV-1 determine the rate of emergence of NVP resistance.
Result: The structure of M184I-HIV-1 has been solved and published, NNRTI have been co-crystallized with wild-type as well as Y181C and Y188L mutant RT.
Differential in vitro kinetics of drug resistance mutation acquisition in HIV-1 RT of subtypes B and C.
Result: Mutation M184I appeared between 50-56 days (~5-10 microM) of the selective process and was substituted by M184V or M184M/I/V at later passages with higher concentration of 3TC.
Result: The kinetics of M184I acquisition was similar for both RT clones.
Result: The rebound in 3TC selection was related to the appearance of a unique mutation M184I after 56 days (2.4 microM) regardless the subtype analyzed.
Table: M184I
Table: M184M/I
Discussion: However, in some replicates, this shifting was incomplete and a mixture M184M/I/V was present at the end of the selection process.
Discussion: Nevertheless, b
Resistance-associated mutations after initial antiretroviral treatment failure in a large cohort of patients infected with HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE.
Abstract: The most common mutation associated with NRTI resistance was M184V/I (89.9%).
Virological failure rates and HIV-1 drug resistance patterns in patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semirural and rural Gabon.
PMID: 23199801
2012
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Abstract: The most frequent DRMs were K103N/S (46.1%) and M184V/I (37.6%).
Result: Of the 56 NRTI-associated DRMs, M184V/I selected by 3TC/FTC was the most frequent (n=53, 37.6%), followed by any thymidine analogue resistance TAM mutation (n=15, 10.6%).
Result: Two patients had HIV-1 strains harbouring the multi-NRTI resistance Q151M mutation associated with M184
Discussion: In addition, the burden of DRMs found in our survey was consistent with previous studies in which prevalence of DRMs showed highly contrasted results, with NNRTI mutations ranging from 47 to 100%, the M184V/I mutation from 24 to 81%, and any TAM from 0 to 63%.
Genetic diversity and drug resistance among newly diagnosed and antiretroviral treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals in western Yunnan: a hot area of viral recombination in China.
Abstract: A total of 1.3% of DR were related to protease inhibitors (PIs), including I85IV, M46I and L90M; 0.3% to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), including M184I; and 2.7% to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), including Result: Only 1 NRTI-related DR mutation, M184I (0.33%, n=1), was detected.
Result: The reason for their presence might be due to cross-resistance, for example 3TC induced M184I/V but also rendered resistance to FTC.
Genotypic impact of prolonged detectable HIV type 1 RNA viral load after HAART failure in a CRF01_AE-infected cohort.
PMID: 20854169
2011
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: NNRTI mutations, M184I/V mutation, thymidine analogue mutations, and K65R were observed in 78.9%, 69%, 20%, and 12.7% of patients, respectively.
Emerging transmitted drug resistance in treatment-naive human immunodeficiency virus-1 CRF06_cpx-infected patients in Estonia.
PMID: 20964489
2011
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: A total of 2.8% of sequences harboured mutations indicating nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance (M41L, M184V, M184I, T215C and T215D), 2.1% non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance (K103N, P225H) and 2.8% protease inhibitor resistance (M46I, L90M).
Herpes simplex virus type 2 suppressive therapy with acyclovir or valacyclovir does not select for specific HIV-1 resistance in HIV-1/HSV-2 dually infected persons.
PMID: 21148504
2011
The Journal of infectious diseases
Introduction: Two other mutations (T69N and M184I) were also detected in a minority of sequences in t
Result: No cases of T69N or M184I were observed.
Discussion: The mutations selected in the in vitro experiments confer cross-resistance to NRTIs: V75I contributes resistance to multiple NRTIs in the presence of a concurrent Q151M mutation, T69N and other variants at position 69 are selected by didanosine and other NRTIs but their susceptibility profiles are not well-described (http://hivdb.stanford.edu/), and the variants M184I/V confer high-level resistance to lamivudine and emtricitabine.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2012
Journal of virology
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