HIV mutation literature information.


  Persistence of lamivudine-sensitive HIV-1 quasispecies in the presence of lamivudine in vitro and in vivo.
 PMID: 17211280       2007       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Changes in minority quasispecies of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant HIV-1 variants based on lamivudine and the corresponding lamivudine-resistant viruses carrying the M184I or M184V mutation were investigated using an allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction assay.


  No response to first-line tenofovir+lamivudine+efavirenz despite optimization according to baseline resistance testing: impact of resistant minority variants on efficacy of low genetic barrier drugs.
 PMID: 17369083       2007       Journal of clinical virology
Abstract: Retrospective single genome sequencing of the baseline sample revealed the presence of minority viral variants with additional mutations: a mutation conferring resistance to lamivudine (M184IV), a thymidine associated mutation (K219R) and mutations possibly associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase resistance (F227S, M230IV).


  Surveillance of genotypic resistance mutations in chronic HIV-1 treated individuals after completion of the National Access to Antiretroviral Program in Thailand.
 PMID: 17401711       2007       Infection
Abstract: The reverse transcriptase genes M184V/I (919/1,880; 48.9%) and K103S/H (416/1,880; 22.1%) were the most frequent in nucleoside reverse transcriptase and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase, respectively.


  Genotypic resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs in treatment-naive HIV/AIDS patients living in Liaoning Province, China: baseline prevalence and subtype-specific difference.
 PMID: 17411368       2007       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Three patients (3.3%) had an M46I amino acid substitution in the protease (PR) gene that decreased susceptibility to IDV, RTV, and NFV and one patient (1.1%) had an M184I amino acid substitution in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene that confers high-level resistance to 3TC and FTC.


  Sequential emergence and clinical implications of viral mutants with K70E and K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase during prolonged tenofovir monotherapy in rhesus macaques with chronic RT-SHIV infection.
 PMID: 17417971       2007       Retrovirology
Discussion: This replacement of variants based on replicative capacity would be similar to observations in lamivudine-treated patients, where differences in pre-therapy frequencies of codon 184 mutants also appear to explain the transient detection of M184I mutants, which are then replaced by the more fit M184V mutants.


  Synthesis and evaluation of 2'-substituted cyclobutyl nucleosides and nucleotides as potential anti-HIV agents.
 PMID: 17434736       2007       Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters
Abstract: Whereas the nucleoside analogs were inactive against HIV-1 in culture, the nucleotide showed good activity not only against wild-type and recombinant HIV RT (IC(50)=4.7, 6.9 microM), but also against the M184I and M184V mutants (IC(50)=6.1, 6.9 microM) in cell-free assays.


  HIV-1 subtype B protease and reverse transcriptase amino acid covariation.
 PMID: 17500586       2007       PLoS computational biology
Method: NRTI-selected mutations included T39A, M41L, K43E/Q/N, E44D/A, A62V, K65R, D67N/G/E, T69D/N/S/insertion, K70R, L74V/I, V75I/M/T/A, F77L, V90I, K104N, Y115F, F116Y, V118I, Q151M, M184V/I, E203K,  PMID: 17607772       2007       Journal of medical virology
Abstract: The M184V/I mutation was the most prevalent but in several patients a combination of multiple mutations was detected.


  High Efficacy of Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in People with Suppressed HIV and Preexisting M184 V/I.
 PMID: 17944683       2007       HIV medicine
Abstract: M184I/V disappeared in patients in whom 3TC was stopped but ddI continued.
Abstract: Although M184I/V may reduce the genetic barrier of ddI for mutations such as K65R and L74V, the lack of re-emergence of M184I/V in the minor quasispecies of most patients who failed ddI suggests that M184I/V was not a preferred route to ddI resistance in our patient population.
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: Minor HIV-1 strains may harbour M184I/V in patients failing ddI therapy, despite direct sequencing showing wild-type virus.


  A comparison of the phenotypic susceptibility profiles of emtricitabine and lamivudine.
 PMID: 18046962       2007       Antiviral chemistry & chemotherapy
Abstract: Both compounds select for the M184V/I mutation resulting in high-level resistance.
Abstract: In the absence of M184V/I, the majority of samples with resistance (> 3.5 FC) exhibited TAMs with a trend toward increased levels of cross-resistance with increasing numbers of TAMs.
Abstract: Moreover, there was > 90% concordance in resistance calls based on either the biological (1.4-fold) or proposed clinical (3.5-fold) cutoffs among all NRTI-R isolates or isolates with M184V/I mixtures.



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