Figure: At each step the frequencies for V82A, I54V, V71A, M46I, L90M and I84V were recorded.
Figure: Box-and-whiskers plots of odds ratios observed between observed and expected frequencies of L90M produced by the linear models for various PI related mutations.
Figure: Construction of the L90M frequency linear model.
Figure: The annotation of the x-axis tick marks represent the model used for calculation of the expected L90M frequency.
Figure: The figure demonstrates the procedure to construct the data sets used to predict the expected frequency of
Trends in prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in Thailand 2009-2010.
PMID: 24038219
2013
Journal of clinical laboratory analysis
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: In 2010, three mutations in PR gene, M36I, H69K, and L90M, were decreased significantly.
Abstract: Three sequences in PR gene, M36I, H69K, and L90M, were decreased significantly in 2010 when compared to 2009.
Enhanced stability of monomer fold correlates with extreme drug resistance of HIV-1 protease.
5Result: Another multi-drug resistant mutant, MDR769 (PDB accession code ITW7) which exhibits a pronounced ""wide-open"" conformation of both flaps, also contains several of the substitutions seen in PR20: namely, S37N, I62V, I63P, A71V, I84V, and L90M."
Result: Mutations defined as major DRMs associated with DRV and saqunavir (SQV) resistance are 147V, I54L, I84V (DRV), and L90M (SQV).
Result: The DRM, ANAM-11, bears six mutations identical or similar to PR20 (L10I/F, M36I, L63P,
Increasing trends in primary NNRTI resistance among newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
PMID: 24093951
2013
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Method: Sequences were analyzed to identify mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to protease and RT inhibitors, as reported by the International AIDS Society-USA in 2010: RT-M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, 69 insert, K70R, L74V,V75I, F77L, L100I, K101P, K103N, V106A, V106M, V108I, Y115F, F116Y,
Highly-sensitive allele-specific PCR testing identifies a greater prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in Japan.
Abstract: Additionally, AS-PCR assays identified 15 additional cases with M46I, five with M46L and four cases with L90M in the protease region.
Abstract: To detect minority populations with drug resistance, we used AS-PCR with mutation-specific primers designed for seven reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations, M41L, K65R, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, and T215F/Y, and for three protease inhibitor resistance mutations, M46I/L and L90M.
Method:
Prevalence of Drug Resistance and Associated Mutations in a Population of HIV-1(+) Puerto Ricans: 2006-2010.
Result: Statistically significant differences between men and women were recorded for A71V (P = 0.05) and L90M (P = 0.04) in 2006, and M36I (P = 0.005) in 2008.
Discussion: Similarly, the protease resistance mutation L90M showed a divergent result between men and women in 2003, 2005, and 2006.
Drug resistance mutations in HIV pol sequences from Argentinean patients under antiretroviral treatment: subtype, gender, and age issues.
PMID: 21936717
2012
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The most common DRMs were L10I, I54V, L90M, V82A, A71V, L10V, M46I, M184V, M41L, T215Y, D67N, L210W, K70R, N348I, V118I, K103N, Y181C, G190A, K101E, V108I, L100I, V90I, K101Q, and Protease: Elucidating the Interdependence of L89V and L90M Mutations in Resistance.
Abstract: CONCLUSION: There was an unexpectedly high rate of the major L90M PI resistance mutation in the MSM group.
Abstract: Phylogenetic analysis showed a tight cluster comprising 13 of 14 viruses harbouring the L90M major PI resistance mutation, suggesting a single infection source.
Interaction of I50V mutant and I50L/A71V double mutant HIV-protease with inhibitor TMC114 (darunavir): molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy studies.
PMID: 22239286
2012
The journal of physical chemistry. B
Introduction: As for other approved PIs, several HIV-pr mutants were demonstrated to have drug resistance over the TMC114, like D30N and I50V, whereas L90M is well adapted by the TMC114.
Result: For example, L90M and V82F/I84V mutations open the flap a bit more in the mutant than the WT, whereas M46I mutation makes the flap more closed.
Energetic basis for drug resistance of HIV-1 protease mutants against amprenavir.
PMID: 22350569
2012
Journal of computer-aided molecular design
Abstract: For the L90M mutant, a rise in the van der Waals energy for APV-PR interactions is compensated by a decrease in the polar solvation free energy such that the net binding affinity remains unchanged.
Abstract: However, the affinities of the drug resistant protease variants V32I, I50V, I54V, I54M, I84V and L90M to amprenavir are decreased 3 to 30-fold compared to the wild-type.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2013
PloS one
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