HIV mutation literature information.


  Protease polymorphisms in HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE represent selection by antiretroviral therapy and host immune pressure.
 PMID: 20009919       2010       AIDS (London, England)
Result: No polymorphisms overlapped with the list of PRAMs; however, 87 (10%) sequences contained one or more PRAMs (median = 2, range = 1-4), with L90M encountered most frequently (3.6%), and 47 sequences (5.3% of total) harbored more than 1 PRAM, with 50 (5.7%) sequences being resistant to protease inhibitor.


  Effects of the V82A and I54V mutations on the dynamics and ligand binding properties of HIV-1 protease.
 PMID: 20195662       2010       Journal of molecular modeling
Abstract: In the present work we investigated the structural properties of a triple mutant (I54V-V82A-L90M) and a double mutant (V82A-L90M) that both confer strong resistance to ritonavir (RTV), but not to amprenavir (APV).


  Viremia and drug resistance among HIV-1 patients on antiretroviral treatment: a cross-sectional study in Soweto, South Africa.
 PMID: 20453629       2010       AIDS (London, England)
Result: The two patients with PI mutations harboured either Q58E, L90M or N88S.


  Prevalence and clinical significance of HIV drug resistance mutations by ultra-deep sequencing in antiretroviral-naive subjects in the CASTLE study.
 PMID: 20532178       2010       PloS one
Table: L90M


  Tissue culture drug resistance analysis of a novel HIV-1 protease inhibitor termed PL-100 in non-B HIV-1 subtypes.
 PMID: 20541566       2010       Antiviral research
Abstract: One of these involved the V82A and L90M resistance mutations while the other involved a mutation at position T80I, with other mutations being observed at positions M46I/L, I54M, K55R, L76F, P81S and I85V.


  Assessing subtype and drug-resistance-associated mutations among antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected patients.
 PMID: 20610954       2010       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: The prevalence of protease inhibitor mutations was 45%, with major mutation L90M seen in 33% and minor mutation A71V in 36% of samples.


  HIV-1 protease mutations and protease inhibitor cross-resistance.
 PMID: 20660676       2010       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Of the mutations with the greatest effect on PI susceptibility, I84AV was associated with decreased susceptibility to eight PIs; V32I, G48V, I54ALMSTV, V82F, and L90M were associated with decreased susceptibility to six to seven PIs; I47A, G48M, I50V, L76V, V82ST, and N88S were associated with decreased susceptibility to four to five PIs; and D30N,  PMID: 20695887       2010       The FEBS journal
Abstract: Substitution of the larger side chains in PR(V32I) , PR(I54M) and PR(L90M) resulted in the formation of new hydrophobic contacts with flap residues, residues 79 and 80, and Asp25, respectively.
Abstract: The structural and kinetic effects of amprenavir (APV), a clinical HIV protease (PR) inhibitor, were analyzed with wild-type enzyme and mutants with single substitutions of V32I, I50V, I54V, I54M, I84V and L90M that are common in drug resistance.
Table: <


  Prevalence, mutation patterns, and effects on protease inhibitor susceptibility of the L76V mutation in HIV-1 protease.
 PMID: 20805393       2010       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Common partner mutations included M46I, I54V, V82A, I84V, and L90M.


  Frequency and diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutations associated with antiretroviral resistance among patients from Southern Brazil failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
 PMID: 20818500       2010       International journal of molecular medicine
Abstract: Mutations associated with resistance to protease inhibitor (PI) were detected in 124 tests (97.6%), the main ones were L90M in 28 (22.0%), V82A in 27 (21.2%), M46I in 26 (20.5%), and I54V in 23 (18.1%).



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