Abstract: Singleton mutations to protease-inhibitor/PI, nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitor/NRTI or non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitor/NNRTI predominated (8/10): PI mutations (M46L, V82F, L90M); NRTI mutations (M41L, D67N) and NNRTI mutations (K103N/S).
Defective hydrophobic sliding mechanism and active site expansion in HIV-1 protease drug resistant variant Gly48Thr/Leu89Met: mechanisms for the loss of saquinavir binding potency.
Discussion: It is not difficult to conceive that PRG48T/L89M exhibits decreased susceptibility to SQV given that HIV-1 PR mutants containing Gly48Val or Gly48Val/Leu90Met demonstrate 13.5- and 419-fold reductions of susceptibility to SQV, respectively.
Exploring the drug resistance of V32I and M46L mutant HIV-1 protease to inhibitor TMC114: flap dynamics and binding mechanism.
PMID: 25562662
2015
Journal of molecular graphics & modelling
Introduction: It was found that, the mutations D30N and I50V results in the drug resistance to TMC114; however the changes due to mutations V82A, I84V and L90M are well adapted by TMC114.
Introduction: utilized the crystallographic study to analyze the effectiveness of TMC114 to HIV-1-pr, with highly drug resistant mutants D30N, I50V, V82A, I84V, and L90M.
Assessing the Paradox Between Transmitted and Acquired HIV Type 1 Drug Resistance Mutations in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study From 1998 to 2012.
PMID: 25576600
2015
The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: Such association was absent for K103N (RR, 1.00 per 100 increase in PVL; P = .99) and negative for L90M (RR, 0.75 per 100 increase in PVL; P = .022).
Abstract: The association between the prevalence of TDR mutations and population viral load (PVL) among treated patients during 1997-2011 was estimated with Poisson regression for all TDR mutations and individually for the most frequent resistance mutations against each drug class (ie, M184V/L90M/K103N).
Clinical and virologic follow-up in perinatally HIV-1-infected children and adolescents in Madrid with triple-class antiretroviral drug-resistant viruses.
PMID: 25680310
2015
Clinical microbiology and infection
Abstract: The most common TC-DRM present in >=50% of them were D67NME, T215FVY, M41L and K103N (retrotranscriptase) and L90M (protease).
Global HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial.
Abstract: The most frequent TDR mutations observed were M41L, D67N/G/E, T215F/Y/I/S/C/D/E/V/N, 219Q/E/N/R, K103N/S, and G190A/S/E in reverse transcriptase, and M46I/L and L90M in protease.
Discussion: Overall, transmitted protease resistance mutations were identified less frequently, with M46IL and L90M being the most common.
Discussion: The L90M mutation has been associated with exposure to a number of PIs, but is
Trends on epidemiological, virological, and clinical features among newly diagnosed HIV-1 persons in Northwest Spain over the last 10 years.
Abstract: The most prevalent TDR mutations were: T215 revertants (1.5%), K219QENR (1.2%), for NRTIs; K103N (1.9%), for NNRTIs; L90M (0.3%), for PIs.
Geographic and temporal trends in the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance: an individual-patient- and sequence-level meta-analysis.
Abstract: METHODS: We extracted all subtype B HIV-1 pol gene sequences from treatment-naive patients within the United Kingdom HIV Drug Resistance Database sampled between 1997 and 2011 and carrying the most common protease inhibitors, nonnucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors TDR mutations, namely, L90M, K103N, and T215Y/F/rev, respectively (n = 1140).
Abstract: RESULTS: T215rev was present alone in 47% of the sequences (n = 540), K103N in 31% (n = 359), and L90M in 10% (n = 109).
Abstract: The remaining sequences contained T215Y or combinations of L90M,
Epidemiological Surveillance of HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Spain in 2004-2012: Relevance of Transmission Clusters in the Propagation of Resistance Mutations.
Result: Among the 44 sequences with TDR to PIs, the most common mutations were L90M (47.7%), M46L/I (33.3%), I54V/T (21.4%), and V82A (19%).
Result: It is noteworthy that several major mutations associated to high level resistance to NRTIs (K65R, L74V, Y115F, M184V and T215Y), to NNRTIs (l100I, K101E, K103N/S, V106M, Y181C, Y188L and G190A) and
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2015
Journal of medical virology
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