literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Transmitted drug resistance and transmission clusters among HIV-1 treatment-naive patients in Guangdong, China: a cross-sectional study.

PMID: 34488793 2021 Virology journal

Discussion: The most frequent PI-associated mutation in our study was M46L, whereas it is Q56E in southwest China, M46I in Iceland, and L90M in the south-central United States.

High Detection Rate of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations among Patients Who Fail Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Manaus, Brazil.

PMID: 34212033 2021 BioMed research international

Result: Only half of the individuals had used PI (n = 46/82), only 17% of individuals presented DRMs associated with protease inhibitors (n = 14), and the most frequent mutations were V82A/L/M (6/82; 7.3%) and I54L/M/V (5/82; 6%), L90M (4/82; 4.8%), and M46L/I (4/82; 4.8%) (Figure 1).

Reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors mutational viral load in HIV infected pregnant women with transmitted drug resistance in Argentina.

PMID: 34085506 2021 Revista espanola de quimioterapia

Abstract: Most frequent PI-RAMs were I85V, M46I, I50V and L90M (n=2, 5% each).

Result: Most frequent PI-RAMS were I85V, M46I, I50V and L90M (n=2, 5% each), all of them with modest impact in the activity of currently available PIs.

Nationwide Study of Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Infected Individuals under Antiretroviral Therapy in Brazil.

PMID: 34069929 2021 International journal of molecular sciences

Result: The SDRM with most similar prevalence when comparing both groups were M46I, V82A, L90M and I54V.

Acquired HIV-1 Protease Conformational Flexibility Associated with Lopinavir Failure May Shape the Outcome of Darunavir Therapy after Antiretroviral Therapy Switch.

PMID: 33805099 2021 Biomolecules

Introduction: The major PI mutations are M46I and I54V found in the flap region, L76V located in the central beta-sheet that forms one of the active site's borders, the V82A mutation, which is found in the active site; and the L90M and L33F mutations in the HIV-1 PR hydrophobic core.

Discussion: A comparative analysis of the genotypic variation in the HIV-1 PR from subtype B and C from laboratory-generated sequences and publicly available database showed the L90M occur more in HIV-1 subtype B PR than HIV-1 PR variants from subtype C.

Discussion: The

Transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in a large international cohort using next-generation sequencing: results from the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) study.

PMID: 33369017 2021 HIV medicine

Discussion: However, mutations like the RT K103NS, the T215 revertants and the PI L90M appear to have little effect on viral fitness and may persist for prolonged periods in individuals with TDR.

Discussion: Within the PI-related DRMs, the same picture emerged, with M46IL and D30N predominately seen as minor variants, whereas L90M (associated with saquinavir resistance), if present, dominated the

Discussion: study, a similar pattern was observed, with the M46IL and D30N detected predominately as minor variants while the majority of L90M mutations occurred above the 20% threshold.

High prevalence of integrase mutation L74I in West African HIV-1 subtypes prior to integrase inhibitor treatment.

PMID: 32105319 2020 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Table: L90M

Pretreatment HIV drug resistance spread within transmission clusters in Mexico City.

PMID: 31819984 2020 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Result: The most frequent PI mutations included M46I/L and L90M.

Highly drug-resistant HIV-1 protease reveals decreased intra-subunit interactions due to clusters of mutations.

PMID: 31920003 2020 The FEBS journal

Result: Another study on single mutants V32I, L33F, L76V, and L90M showed how remote mutations can impact inhibitor binding by altering protein ensemble dynamics through a rearranged network of residues circulating to the active site.

Trend of HIV-1 drug resistance in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over 17 years (2001-2017).

PMID: 31922125 2020 EClinicalMedicine

Result: Four mutations T69D (NRTI), K103N/S (NNRTI), M46I/L (PI) and L90M (PI) showed significantly different percentages in different subtypes (p < 0.05) (Table 1).

Table: L90M

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