Abstract: In univariate analyses, of the mutations found in _10% of patients, L89M and Q58E were more prevalent in viruses L76V positive than L76V negative (L89M, 42% vs. 0%, P = 0.0007; Q58E, 50% vs. 25%, P = 0.1).
Prediction of drug-resistance in HIV-1 subtype C based on protease sequences from ART naive and first-line treatment failures in North India using genotypic and docking analysis.
Abstract: No major mutations were seen in the PR sequences in isolates from treatment-naive individuals, although isolates from two patients had T74S mutation, known to be associated with reduced susceptibility to nelfinavir (NFV) and a combination of M36I, H69K and L89M mutations found in isolates from 77 patients (59.7%), considered to be conferring resistance to tipranavir (TPV) according to ANRS algorithm.
Prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations and HIV-I subtypes among newly-diagnosed drug-naive persons visiting a voluntary testing and counselling centre in northeastern South Africa.
PMID: 21957668
2011
Journal of health, population, and nutrition
Result: It differed from the global subtype B consensus at eight positions (T12S, I15V, L19I, M36I, R41K, H69K, L89M, and I93L).
Correlation between resistance profile and immunosuppression in heavily treated HIV-1 infected Romanian patients.
PMID: 22180722
2011
Romanian biotechnological letters
Result: The most commonly encountered polymorphisms that may induce early development of drug resistance, were L63T, present in 80.5% of the cases and M36I in 77.8% of the cases, followed by L89M (50%), K20R (72.3%) and L10V (63.9%) of the patients.
Discussion: A similar pattern was displayed by isolates from our study, 50% of these harbouring the L89M polymorphism, while only 5.3% the L90M mutation.
Discussion: Regarding protease inhibitors susceptibility, in Brazilian subtype F1 isolates, presence of the L89M polymorphism in the protease gene was related to the maintenance of viral fitness, conferring a higher genetic barrier to the accumu
Comparison of protease inhibitor (PI) resistance-associated mutations between PI-naive and PI-experienced HIV-1 infected patients in Thailand where subtype A/E is predominant.
Abstract: This update includes 9 new mutations- E138G and E138K for etravirine (Haddad M et al, CROI, 2010; Abstract 574, and Vingerhoets J et al, Antivir Ther, 2010;15 [Suppl 2]:A125); E92Q for raltegravir (Geretti AM et al, Antivir Ther, 2010;15 [Suppl 2]:A62; Cooper et al, N Engl J Med, 2008;359:355-365; and Malet I et al, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2008;52:1351-1358); and M36L, M36V, H69R, L89I, L89M, and L89V for tipranavir/ritonavir.
Protease polymorphisms in HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE represent selection by antiretroviral therapy and host immune pressure.
Abstract: Compared to the subtype B consensus, six additional polymorphisms (I13 V, E35D, M36I, R41K, H69K, L89M) were identified in the CRF01_AE consensus; all but L89M were located within epitopes recognized by HLA class I alleles.
Result: There were six differences between the consensus sequence inferred from our dataset and the subtype B consensus sequence (I13V, E35D, M36I, R41K, H69K and L89M).
Absence of genotypic drug resistance and presence of several naturally occurring polymorphisms of human immunodeficiency virus-1 CRF06_cpx in treatment-naive patients in Estonia.
Abstract: The most common polymorphisms in the PR region were K14R, M36I, H69K, and L89M seen in 96%, 100%, 99%, and 100%, respectively.
Genetic diversity and drug resistance of HIV type 1 circulating recombinant Form_BC among drug users in Guangdong Province.
PMID: 19698024
2009
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The polymorphisms L19I, M36I, R41K, D60E, L63P, H69K, and I93L were complete substitutions, and were followed by T12S (94%), I15V (90%), and L89M (81%) separately.
HIV type-1 clade C resistance genotypes in treatment-naive patients and after first virological failure in a large community antiretroviral therapy programme.
Result: The most frequent protease mutations remained M36I (86%), L63P (60%), H69K (94%) and L89I/M (82%), similar to the consensus sequence noted for clade C (differing amino acids compared to clade B subtypes at positions M361, R41K, H69K AND L89M).
Result: The most frequent protease mutations were L89I/M (89%), H69K (88%), L63P (52%) and M36I (87%).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2011
Journal of medical virology
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