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 HIV mutation literature information.


  2014 Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.
 PMID: 25101529       2014       Topics in antiviral medicine
Discussion: The addition of L76V to 3 PI resistance-associated mutations substantially increases resistance to lopinavir/ritonavir.
Discussion: The presence of M46I plus L76V might increase susceptibility to atazanavir when no other related mutations are present.
Discussion: The presence of mutations L24I, I50L/V, F53Y/L/W, I54L, and L76V have been associated with improved virologic response to tipranavir in some studies.


  Natural polymorphisms and unusual mutations in HIV-1 protease with potential antiretroviral resistance: a bioinformatic analysis.
 PMID: 24629078       2014       BMC bioinformatics
Result: We modelled the proteins with unusual mutations (L5F, D29V, L63G, L63R, P79L and T91V), natural polymorphisms (L63H andL63S), and drug-resistant mutant PRs with single mutations or patterns of mutations (D30N, V32I, M36I, M46I, I47V, G48V, I50V, I50L, I54M, Q58E, T74P, L76V, V82A


  HIV-1 genetic diversity and drug resistance among Senegalese patients in the public health system.
 PMID: 23241378       2013       Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: For PI/r, several cases of mutations were found with a predominance of M46I and L76V/F at 24% each.


  Drug Resistance Mutation L76V Alters Nonpolar Interactions at the Flap-Core Interface of HIV-1 Protease.
 PMID: 23349869       2013       PloS one
1Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: We showed an impact of viral subtype on the selection of the L76V major PI-RAM with a higher prevalence in ""non-B"" subtypes observed since 2008."
1Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of the L76V protease inhibitors resistance-associated mutation (PI-RAM) in relation with patients' characteristics and protease genotypic background in HIV-1 B- and ""non-B""-infected patients."
Abstract: METHODS: Frequency of the L76V mutation between 1998 and 2010 was surveyed in the laboratory database of 3 clinical centers.


  Crystallographic study of multi-drug resistant HIV-1 protease lopinavir complex: mechanism of drug recognition and resistance.
 PMID: 23792096       2013       Biochemical and biophysical research communications
Introduction: Although drug resistance is relatively less likely to develop against LPV compared to other HIV-1 protease inhibitors, resistance mutations, including 32I, 47A, 46I, L33F, I54V, V82A, I84V, and L90M, or combinations among L76V, M46I, and V82A in the protease, and A431V in gag are responsible for reduced efficacy of LPV.


  Trends in Genotypic HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance between 2006 and 2012 in South African Patients Receiving First- and Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens.
 PMID: 23840622       2013       PloS one
Method: The following protease mutations were considered LPV/r-resistance mutations: L10F, L24I, V32I, L33F, M46IL, I47A, I50V, I54MLV, L76V, V82ATSFMC, I84V, L89V, L90M.
Table: L76V


  Simultaneous detection of major drug resistance mutations in the protease and reverse transcriptase genes for HIV-1 subtype C by use of a multiplex allele-specific assay.
 PMID: 23985909       2013       Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: All the wild-type and mutant alleles were unequivocally distinguished with plasmid templates, and the limits of detection were 1.56% for K219Q and K219E, 3.13% for L76V, 6.25% for K65R, K70R, L74V, L100I, K103N, K103R, Q151M, Y181C, and I47V, and 12.5% for M41L, K101P, K101E, V106A, V106M, Y115F, M184V,  PMID: 24009694       2013       PloS one
Table: L76V


  Increasing trends in primary NNRTI resistance among newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
 PMID: 24093951       2013       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Method: Sequences were analyzed to identify mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to protease and RT inhibitors, as reported by the International AIDS Society-USA in 2010: RT-M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, 69 insert, K70R, L74V,V75I, F77L, L100I, K101P, K103N, V106A, V106M, V108I, Y115F, F116Y,


  Transmitted drug resistance and phylogenetic relationships among acute and early HIV-1-infected individuals in New York City.
 PMID: 22592583       2012       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
4Method: ARV resistance was defined by mutations at the following positions: M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, T69ins, K70R, L74VI, Y115F, F116Y, Q151M, M184VI, T210W, T215YF and K219QE for Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI), L100I, K101EP, K103NS, V106AM



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