Abstract: Most common protease mutations were M46I, V82A, I54V, L90M, I84V, M46L, and L76V.
Discussion: On the other hand, in multifailed individuals, seven major PI mutations associated with resistance were documented:
Discussion: Previous PI-based treatments might have contributed to the emergence of PI major mutations M46I, V82A, L90M, I84V, M46L, and L76V, associated with resistance to APV/r.
The use of dried blood spot specimens for HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping in young children initiating antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 26192603
2015
Journal of virological methods
Introduction: Only one specimen was predicted to be resistant to protease inhibitors (PI) due to the presence of major and minor PI mutations (L10F, M46I, I54V, L76V and V82A) while 8 specimens had minor PI mutations (A71T (n=3), L10I/V (n=3) and M46L/T (n=2)).
Epidemiological Surveillance of HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Spain in 2004-2012: Relevance of Transmission Clusters in the Propagation of Resistance Mutations.
Result: It is noteworthy that several major mutations associated to high level resistance to NRTIs (K65R, L74V, Y115F, M184V and T215Y), to NNRTIs (l100I, K101E, K103N/S, V106M, Y181C, Y188L and G190A) and to PIs (D30N, M46I/L, I54V/T, L76V, V82A, I84V, N88D
A molecular switch in immunodominant HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell epitopes shapes differential HLA-restricted escape.
Result: HLA-B*07:02 expressing individuals exhibited strong selection at P1 in the epitope (R71K: 41%, P = 7x10-5), whereas HLA-B*81:01 expressing individuals showed selection of variants at P6 of the epitope (L76V/T/I, L76X, P = 2x10-43) with no selection mediated by HLA-B*42:01 and HLA-B*42:02 on this RM9-Nef epitope (Figure 2F) (Table 1).
Result: The larger side chains of Arg156 and Gln152 in HLA-B*07:02 pushed Leu6 up compared to the smaller side chains of Leu156 and Val152 in HLA-B*81:01 (Figure 4C), changes which may be linked to the L76V/T/I selection that is mediated only by HLA-B*81:01.
Characterization of HIV drug resistance mutations among patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy from a tertiary referral center in Lusaka, Zambia.
Abstract: Three patients (5%) had major protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations: all three had the V82A mutation, and one patient (Clade J virus) had a concurrent M46I, Q58E, and L76V DRM.
Result: V82A was detected in all three patients, with concurrent M46I, Q58E, and L76V in one of the three patients harboring the clade J HIV-1 virus.
The role of mutations at codons 32, 47, 54, and 90 in HIV-1 protease flap dynamics.
Introduction: The DetMDRs differ from isolates previously studied by our group in that these contain the major drug resistance mutations L33F, I47V, I50V, I54M, L76V, V82I/F, and I84F not present in the previous cohort (Table 1).
Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 positive patients in Turkey.
PMID: 25397495
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Abstract: RESULTS: The patients had TDRMs to NRTIs (K65R, M184V), NNRTIs (K101E, K103N/S, G190A/E/S, Y181I/C, Y188H/L) and PIs (M46L, I54V, L76V, V82L/T, N83D, I84V, L90M).
Cobicistat-boosted darunavir in HIV-1-infected adults: week 48 results of a Phase IIIb, open-label single-arm trial.
Method: Patients were required to have plasma VL >=1000 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml (Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Test, version 1.5, Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) at screening, eGFRCG >=80 ml/min, genotypic sensitivity to the two investigator-selected N[t]RTIs (GenoSure MG assay, Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA), and none of the following darunavir RAMs: V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54M, I54L, T74P, L76V, I84V or L89V.
A uniquely prevalent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutation in Russian subtype A HIV-1 viruses.
Result: Of the 243 patients who received one or more protease inhibitors, 32 (13%) had a study-defined protease inhibitor-resistance mutation most commonly L10F, K20T, V32I, L33F, M46I/L, I47V/A, I50L, F53L, I54V/L, Q58E, L76V, V82A/C, I84V, L89V, and L90M.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2015
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