HIV mutation literature information.


  A computational study of the resistance of HIV-1 aspartic protease to the inhibitors ABT-538 and VX-478 and design of new analogues.
 PMID: 9464253       1998       Biochemical and biophysical research communications
Abstract: Recent experimental findings with HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR) mutants containing variations at four residues, M46I, L63P, V82T and I84V, have shown that only mutants containing the latter two exhibit cross resistance to the inhibitors ABT-538 and VX-478.
Abstract: The V82T and I84V modifications in fact concern residues in the active site while the other two are in the flap (M46I) and hinge (L63P) domains of the enzyme.
Abstract: We have modelled the M46I/L63P, V82T/I84V and


  Genotypic changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 associated with loss of suppression of plasma viral RNA levels in subjects treated with ritonavir (Norvir) monotherapy.
 PMID: 9573287       1998       Journal of virology
Abstract: An L63P/A mutation was commonly present at baseline even in subjects with a durable virologic response.
Abstract: The concomitant acquisition of an L63P/A mutation with the V82A/F mutation at the time when plasma RNA levels rebounded suggests a role for the L63P/A mutation in improving the fitness of the V82A/F mutation.


  An Escherichia coli expression assay and screen for human immunodeficiency virus protease variants with decreased susceptibility to indinavir.
 PMID: 9835523       1998       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: The L63P substitution, which is also associated with indinavir resistance, increases the stability of the isolated protease relative to that of the native HXB2 protease.
Abstract: The discovered HIV protease variants contain amino acid substitutions commonly associated with indinavir resistance in clinical isolates, including the substitutions L90M, L63P, I64V, V82A, L24I, and I54T.
Abstract: The highly sensitive system detects the contributions of single substitutions such as I84V, L90M, and L63P.


  Resistance-related mutations in the HIV-1 protease gene of patients treated for 1 year with the protease inhibitor ritonavir (ABT-538).
 PMID: 8853733       1996       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: However, at week 78, mutations R8Q, E34K, R57K, L63P and I84V were detected and the treatment benefit was partially lost.
Abstract: Mutation L63P was found both in pre- and post-ritonavir samples.
Abstract: The mutations L10I, I54V, L63P, A71V, V82A/F and I84V correspond to known drug-resistance mutations for ritonavir and other protease inhibitors.


  Emergence of protease inhibitor resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from patients and rapid screening procedure for their detection.
 PMID: 8913459       1996       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Patient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates that are resistant to protease inhibitors may contain amino acid substitutions L10I/V, M46L/I, G-48V, L63P, V82A/F/T, I84V, and L90M in the protease gene.


  Mutational anatomy of an HIV-1 protease variant conferring cross-resistance to protease inhibitors in clinical trials. Compensatory modulations of binding and activity.
 PMID: 8943242       1996       The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: Site-specific substitutions of as few as four amino acids (M46I/L63P/V82T/I84V) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease engenders cross-resistance to a panel of protease inhibitors that are either in clinical trials or have recently been approved for HIV therapy (Condra, J.
Abstract: Two of these mutations (V82T/I84V) are located in, while the other two (M46I/L63P) are away from, the binding cleft of the enzyme.
Abstract: We have found that the double substitutions of M46I and L63P do not affect binding but instead endow the enzyme with a cata


  Three-dimensional structure of a mutant HIV-1 protease displaying cross-resistance to all protease inhibitors in clinical trials.
 PMID: 7665551       1995       The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: Analysis of mutational effects in the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) provirus has revealed that as few as four amino acid side-chain substitutions in the HIV-1 protease (M46I/L63P/V82T/I84V) suffice to yield viral variants cross-resistant to a panel of protease inhibitors either in or being considered for clinical trials (Condra, J.
Abstract: The role of the M46I and L63P substitutions in drug resistance is not obvious from the crystallographic data, but they induce conformational perturbations (0.9-1.1 A) in the flap domain of the native enzyme and may affect the stability and/or activity of the enzyme unrelated directly to binding.



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