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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Hypersusceptibility mechanism of Tenofovir-resistant HIV to EFdA.
 PMID: 23800377       2013       Retrovirology
Introduction: The excision reaction is facilitated by Excision Enhancement Mutations (EEMs), typically M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y/F, L210W, and K219E/Q, which are also known as Thymidine Associated Mutations (TAMs) because they were historically linked to resistance to thymidine analogs AZT and d4T.


  Trends in Genotypic HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance between 2006 and 2012 in South African Patients Receiving First- and Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens.
 PMID: 23840622       2013       PloS one
Method: Thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were defined as M41L, D67NG, K70R, L210W, T215YF, and K219QE.


  Persistence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance mutations.
 PMID: 23904291       2013       The Journal of infectious diseases
Result: M41L was commonly observed and highly persistent (rate of loss 8 (95% CI, 4-15) per 100 PYFU), and a similar low rate of loss was seen for other TAMs (D67N, L210W, and K219Q/N); however, K70R appeared to be lost more quickly.
Result: NNRTI mutations appeared to be lost more quickly than most TAMs (M41L, D67N, L210W, and K219Q/N) and the 215 revertants (P < .001 for both comparisons).
Table: L210W


  HIV-1 drug-resistance surveillance among treatment-experienced and -naive patients after the implementation of antiretroviral therapy in Ghana.
 PMID: 23977189       2013       PloS one
Table: L210W


  Prevalence and mutation patterns of HIV drug resistance from 2010 to 2011 among ART-failure individuals in the Yunnan Province, China.
 PMID: 24009694       2013       PloS one
Table: L210W


  Potential elucidation of a novel CTL epitope in HIV-1 protease by the protease inhibitor resistance mutation L90M.
 PMID: 24015196       2013       PloS one
Result: Because M184V is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutation, only sequence with the common RTI mutation, L210W, were used in calculation to avoid bias sequences devoid of RT inhibitor resistance mutations.


  Increasing trends in primary NNRTI resistance among newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
 PMID: 24093951       2013       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Method: Sequences were analyzed to identify mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to protease and RT inhibitors, as reported by the International AIDS Society-USA in 2010: RT-M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, 69 insert, K70R, L74V,V75I, F77L, L100I, K101P, K103N, V106A, V106M, V108I, Y115F, F116Y,


  Effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy and correlates of longitudinal changes in CD4 and viral load among HIV-infected children in Ghana.
 PMID: 24119088       2013       BMC infectious diseases
Table: L210W


  Incidence and risk factors for first line anti retroviral treatment failure among Ugandan children attending an urban HIV clinic.
 PMID: 24215971       2013       AIDS research and therapy
Result: Other common NRTI RAMs were the K70R (n = 22; 20%), T215Y (n = 36; 24%), M41L (n = 23; 21%), D67N (n = 15; 14%), K219Q/E (n = 14; 13%) and the L210W making 9% of the TAMs.


  Transmitted drug resistance and phylogenetic analysis of HIV CRF01_AE in Northern Vietnam.
 PMID: 21620998       2012       Infection, genetics and evolution
Abstract: Four drug resistance mutations; Y181C, L210W, L74I and V75M, were found in four different patients, giving a prevalence of 6.3% (4/63).



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