literature

Drug resistance mutations in HIV pol sequences from Argentinean patients under antiretroviral treatment: subtype, gender, and age issues.

PMID: 21936717 2012 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Abstract: The most common DRMs were L10I, I54V, L90M, V82A, A71V, L10V, M46I, M184V, M41L, T215Y, D67N, L210W, K70R, N348I, V118I, K103N, Y181C, G190A, K101E, V108I, L100I, V90I, K101Q, and

PMID: 22138483 2012 Antiviral research

Abstract: E17A was associated with thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) in reverse transcriptase M41L, L210W and T215Y and with the use of didanosine in the patients' treatment histories.

Zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy selects for the A360V mutation in the connection domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

PMID: 22363673 2012 PloS one

Introduction: Subsequently, two additional AZT resistance mutations were identified: M41L

Result: Of note, the A360V in the connection domain of HIV-1 RT was also significantly associated with AZT monotherapy and was more frequent than the M41L, D67N, L210W or K219E/Q mutations.

Table: L210L/W

Emergence of minor drug-resistant HIV-1 variants after triple antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of vertical HIV-1 transmission.

PMID: 22384138 2012 PloS one

Result: We also checked population sequences for additional AZT/3TC/NVP-selected resistance mutations like M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F and K219QE for AZT, K65R for 3TC and L100I, K101P, V106A/M, V108I, Y188C/L/H and G190A for NVP.

Discussion: In fact, the K70R mutation is considered to be an early AZT mutation and indicates the emergence of AZT-resistance followed by M41L, T215Y/F and

PMID: 22417570 2012 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Abstract: Among patients treated with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and with thymidine analogues (TA) experience, TAMs1 M41L and L210W were less prevalent in CRF02_AG, while TAMs2 T215F and K219E were more prevalent in the F subtype.

Low prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in Sweden 2003-2010.

PMID: 22448246 2012 PloS one

Table: L210W

Transmitted drug resistance and phylogenetic relationships among acute and early HIV-1-infected individuals in New York City.

PMID: 22592583 2012 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Result: D67N(P=0.03), K70R(P=0.06), M184V(P=0.11), L210W(P=0.11), and K219Q(P=0.02) decreased during the study period.

K65R in subtype C HIV-1 isolates from patients failing on a first-line regimen including d4T or AZT: comparison of Sanger and UDP sequencing data.

PMID: 22615779 2012 PloS one

Discussion: The Sanger results of isolates from treated patients were as expected with a predominance of M184V, numerous TAMs of pathway1 (M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F) and DRMs to NNRTIs (mainly K101E, K103N, V106M, Y181C, G190A).

Connection domain mutations during antiretroviral treatment failure in Mali: frequencies and impact on reverse transcriptase inhibitor activity.

PMID: 22828721 2012 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Method: Thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were defined as M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, K219E/Q.

Clinical, virological and biochemical evidence supporting the association of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase polymorphism R284K and thymidine analogue resistance mutations M41L, L210W and T215Y in patients failing tenofovir/emtricitabine therapy.

PMID: 22889300 2012 Retrovirology

Introduction: However, combinations of M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219E/Q increase ATP-mediated excision of chain-terminating NRTIs (reviewed in ref.).

Introduction: Sequence analysis of HIV-1 isolates from patients receiving long-term therapy with AZT and/or d4T revealed that thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) acting through the excision mechanism associated in two different clusters: TAM1 (M41L, L210W and T215Y) and TAM2 (D67N, K70R, K219E/Q, and sometimes T215F).