literature

HIV mutation literature information.

HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping from antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive and first-line treatment failures in Djiboutian patients.

PMID: 23044036 2012 Diagnostic pathology

Result: The NRTI-associated mutations were D67N (2 strains), T69N (1), M184V (6), L210W (2), T215Y (2).

Table: L210W

Discussion: Accumulation of the other mutations observed included thymidine associated mutations (including M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, K219Q) results in increasing resistance to AZT, Tenofovir, D4T, Abacavir, and DDI .

Virological failure rates and HIV-1 drug resistance patterns in patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semirural and rural Gabon.

PMID: 23199801 2012 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Result: Other TAM-1 were M41L (n=2) and L210W (n=1).

Figure: M41L, L210W, and T215Y mutations are indicative of the TAM-1 pathway; D67N/G, K70R, T215F, and K219Q/E/R mutations are indicative of the TAM-2 pathway.

Monitoring HIV viral load in resource limited settings: still a matter of debate?

PMID: 23236346 2012 PloS one

Result: Among patients carrying RAMs, 12/15 (80.0%) harboured RAMs associated to thymidine analogues (TAMs) (M41L, D67N, K70R, V75I, L210W, T215F/Y) (Table 3).

Result: The most frequent TAMs were T215F/Y (11/12, 91.7%), M41L (10/12, 83.3%), L210W (3/12, 27,3%), D67N (3/12, 25.0%), K70R (1/12, 8.3%) and V75I (1/12, 8.3%) (Table 3).

Table: L210W

HIV-1 integrase resistance among antiretroviral treatment naive and experienced patients from Northwestern Poland.

PMID: 23259737 2012 BMC infectious diseases

Result: It must be noted, that three of the patients with developed drug resistance were heavily experienced with reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) mutations (patient 1: RT: M41L, K103N, M184V, T215S; PR: L10I; patient 2: PR: M41L, V118I, K103N, M184V, L210W, T215S, RT: L10I,

Low prevalence of transmitted K65R and other tenofovir resistance mutations across different HIV-1 subtypes: implications for pre-exposure prophylaxis.

PMID: 23305651 2012 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Method: Tenofovir-associated resistance mutations included K65R, T69 insertion, K70E and >=3 thymidine-analogue mutations (TAMs;

Result: In addition to K65R, other transmitted tenofovir-associated resistance mutations included K70E, seen in three subtype B sequences (0.015%, 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.04) and three or more TAMs (inclusive of either M41L or L210W) seen in 54/19,823 sequences (0.27%, 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.4), the majority of which (46/54) were subtype B sequences.

Discussion: Though these mutations may be transmitted more commonly as individual mutations, sequences with three or more TAMs (inclusive of either M41L or L210W) can confer significantly reduced tenofovir activity and were observed in our dataset.

Impact of HIV type 1 subtype on drug resistance mutations in Nigerian patients failing first-line therapy.

PMID: 20964479 2011 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Abstract: Subtype A patients showed a 42.5-fold increased risk (AOR = 42.5, p = 0.001) for the L210W mutation.

"K70Q adds high-level tenofovir resistance to ""Q151M complex"" HIV reverse transcriptase through the enhanced discrimination mechanism."

PMID: 21249155 2011 PloS one

Introduction: Increased excision of NRTIs is imparted by Excision Enhancement Mutations, typically M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y/F, L210W, and K219E/Q (also known as Thymidine Associated Mutations, or TAMs).

Differences in reversion of resistance mutations to wild-type under structured treatment interruption and related increase in replication capacity.

PMID: 21297946 2011 PloS one

Introduction: The authors reported a faster rate of reversion for primary resistance mutations (K70R, M184I/V, T215Y/F in RT, and D30N, M46I/L, V82A, L90M in PR) compared to secondary mutations (M41L, D67N, T69D/N, L210W, K219Q/E in RT and L10I/V, L63P, A71V/T, V77I in PR)

Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among newly HIV-1 diagnosed young individuals in Kampala.

PMID: 21399479 2011 AIDS (London, England)

Abstract: Two had SDRMs to nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (D67G and L210W), three had SDRMs to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (G190A, G190S, and K101E), and one had SDRMs to protease inhibitors (N88D).

Clinical significance of HIV reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-resistance mutations.

PMID: 21449841 2011 Future microbiology

Abstract: Several large-scale HIV-1 genotypic analyses have revealed that the most prevalent nucleos(t)ide analog RT inhibitor (NRTI)-resistance mutation is M184V/I followed by a series of thymidine analog-associated mutations: M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F and K219Q/E.

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