Prevalence of HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Resistance in Treatment-Naive Voluntary Counselling and Testing Clients by Population Sequencing and Illumina Next-Generation Sequencing in Taiwan.
Result: The most common RAMs to NRTIs were M184V and K65R (1.3%), while those for NNRTIs were V179D (4.5%), V106I (2.7%), and K103N (1.3%), and those for PIs were L10I (13.4%), A71T (5.8%), and L10V (4.0%).
High resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype circulating recombinant form 02_AG in Ghana and on antiretroviral therapy.
Introduction: Previous research in Ghana has shown low prevalence (5%) of drug resistance, with some studies reporting no transmitted drug resistance mutations, while others observed only minor mutations L10I, L10 V, V11I, and E35G in 4 patients and V179E in another.
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease mutations for drug-resistance detection among treatment-experienced and naive HIV-infected individuals.
Result: Three minor HIV protease inhibitor-related mutations (L10I, L10V, and G73S) were also detected in four patients, although these mutations are not included in the WHO SDRMs list (Table 4).
Table: L10V
Polymorphisms and drug resistance analysis of HIV-1 isolates from patients on first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South-eastern Nigeria.
Abstract: Minor PI resistance-associated mutations identified among subtype G/UG are L10V/I (8.3%) and K20I (100%) while L10V/I (50%), K20I (100%), L33F (6.3%) and N88D (6.3%) were identified among CRF02_AG.
Result: Minor PI mutations detected among the isolates include; L10I/V [7/28 (25.0%)], K20I [28/28 (100%)], L33F [1/28 (3.6%)] and N88D [1/28 (3.6%)].
Table: L10V
Discussion: Our study also revealed very high frequencies of minor mutations in the protease gene of the isolates
HIV-1 Drug Resistance, Distribution of Subtypes, and Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Virologic Failure Individuals in Chengdu, Southwest China, 2014-2016.
Result: The most frequent mutations were L10I/V (32), A71I/T/V (28), and K20I/R (26), among which L10I/V and A71I/T/V are mutations that do not affect drug susceptibility and K20I/R were predicted to have potential resistance to NFV.
Discussion: PI-associated mutations were found in 97 cases, most of which were secondary mutations like L10I/V, A71I/T/V, and K20I/R, so, there were relatively few cases of DR.
Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmitted drug resistance among treatment-naive individuals residing in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Abstract: Mutations associated with antiretroviral drugs include (V82A+I84IV), (L10F+Q58E), (L10F+V82Y), L10FV, L33LF, L89LMV, M184V, E138A, V106I, and V179VD.
Result: Among the observed resistance mutations, 4/57 (7.0%) had conferring resistance to PI, other detected mutations were (L10F + V82Y), L10FV, L33LF, and PMID: 32556165
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: Only non-polymorphic and polymorphic PI accessory selected mutations were found in PT1 (K20T), PT4 (A71V) and PT5 (L10V).
Table: L10V
Drug resistance evolution in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1 under long-term antiretroviral treatment-failure in Yunnan Province, China.
Abstract: Furthermore, L10 V/F/I (6.82%), A71V (4.55%), and I54V (4.55%) mutations were common in protease inhibitors (PIs).
Result: The PI mutations most commonly found were L10 V/F/I, A71V, and I54V, with DR rates of 6.82, 4.55, and 4.55%, respectively.
Discussion: L10 V/F/I had the highest rate (up to 6.82%).
HIV Viral Rebound Due to a Possible Drug-Drug Interaction between Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide and Calcium-Containing Products: Report of 2 Cases.
PMID: 30798679
2019
Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
Conclusion: The HIV genotype at this time reported the RT gene mutations M184V and L100L/F, conferring resistance to emtricitabine and lamivudine, and protease gene mutations L10V, M36I/M, K43R, L63P,
Conclusion: The genotype at this time demonstrated no reverse transcriptase (RT) gene mutations, but the following protease gene mutations: L10V, M36I, L63P, H69H/Y, A71T/A, and I93L.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
Infection and drug resistance
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