literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Minority drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in treatment naive East-African and Caucasian patients detected by allele-specific real-time PCR.

PMID: 25333961 2014 PloS one

Result: Direct sequencing identified two patients with additional DRM (L100IL, M46L) (Table 2).

E138A in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is more common in subtype C than B: implications for rilpivirine use in resource-limited settings.

PMID: 24746459 2014 Antiviral research

Introduction: Although RPV has been reported to have higher in vitro genetic barrier to resistance, at least 17 single substitutions in HIV-1 RT (L100I, K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L) have been associated with a decreased virologic response to this NNRTI.

Use of dolutegravir in two INI-experienced patients with multiclass resistance resulted in excellent virological and immunological responses.

PMID: 25397500 2014 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Table: L100I

Differential impact of resistance-associated mutations to protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors on HIV-1 replication capacity.

PMID: 23594266 2013 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Abstract: Regarding the effects of resistance to antiretroviral drugs in salvage therapy, decreased replication capacity was noted with the increasing RAMs to darunavir/ritonavir (p<0.001) and specific RAMs (L100I, K101P, and Y181C/I/V) to etravirine (p<0.001).

Trends in Genotypic HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance between 2006 and 2012 in South African Patients Receiving First- and Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens.

PMID: 23840622 2013 PloS one

Result: Among the patients receiving EFV, L100I occurred in a higher proportion of the 53 patients receiving ABC/3TC (23%) compared with the remaining 748 patients (3.1%; p<0.001) and Y181C occurred in a higher proportion of the 127 patients receiving TDF/3TC (18%) compared with the remaining 674 patients (2.5%; p<0.001).

Discussion: The statistical associations of Y181C with TDF and of L100I with ABC have not previously been reported.

Persistence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance mutations.

PMID: 23904291 2013 The Journal of infectious diseases

Table: L100I

Increasing trends in primary NNRTI resistance among newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

PMID: 24093951 2013 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Method: Sequences were analyzed to identify mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to protease and RT inhibitors, as reported by the International AIDS Society-USA in 2010: RT-M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, 69 insert, K70R, L74V,V75I, F77L, L100I, K101P, K103N, V106A, V106M, V108I, Y115F, F116Y,

Prevalence of pre-existing resistance-associated mutations to rilpivirine, emtricitabine and tenofovir in antiretroviral-naive patients infected with B and non-B subtype HIV-1 viruses.

PMID: 23361642 2013 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: We studied the primary rilpivirine RAMs (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L) and other potential rilpivirine-associated mutations (V90I, L100I, K101T, E138S, V179D/I, Y188L, V189I, G190A/E/S and M230V).

In vitro and in vivo activities of AIC292, a novel HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

PMID: 23959304 2013 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Abstract: Interestingly, viruses bearing the L100I RAM were hypersusceptible to AIC292.

Simultaneous detection of major drug resistance mutations in the protease and reverse transcriptase genes for HIV-1 subtype C by use of a multiplex allele-specific assay.

PMID: 23985909 2013 Journal of clinical microbiology

Abstract: All the wild-type and mutant alleles were unequivocally distinguished with plasmid templates, and the limits of detection were 1.56% for K219Q and K219E, 3.13% for L76V, 6.25% for K65R, K70R, L74V, L100I, K103N, K103R, Q151M, Y181C, and I47V, and 12.5% for M41L, K101P, K101E, V106A, V106M, Y115F, M184V,

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