literature

Simultaneous detection of major drug resistance mutations in the protease and reverse transcriptase genes for HIV-1 subtype C by use of a multiplex allele-specific assay.

PMID: 23985909 2013 Journal of clinical microbiology

Abstract: All the wild-type and mutant alleles were unequivocally distinguished with plasmid templates, and the limits of detection were 1.56% for K219Q and K219E, 3.13% for L76V, 6.25% for K65R, K70R, L74V, L100I, K103N, K103R, Q151M, Y181C, and I47V, and 12.5% for M41L, K101P, K101E, V106A, V106M, Y115F, M184V,

PMID: 24009694 2013 PloS one

Result: With the widespread use of AZT and d4T, the resistance mutations associated with these drugs, including K70R, T215F/Y and K219Q/E, were 4.5%, 6.8%, and 5.1%, respectively.

Table: K70R

Increasing trends in primary NNRTI resistance among newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

PMID: 24093951 2013 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Method: Sequences were analyzed to identify mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to protease and RT inhibitors, as reported by the International AIDS Society-USA in 2010: RT-M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, 69 insert, K70R, L74V,V75I, F77L, L100I, K101P, K103N, V106A, V106M, V108I, Y115F, F116Y,

Effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy and correlates of longitudinal changes in CD4 and viral load among HIV-infected children in Ghana.

PMID: 24119088 2013 BMC infectious diseases

Table: K70R

Incidence and risk factors for first line anti retroviral treatment failure among Ugandan children attending an urban HIV clinic.

PMID: 24215971 2013 AIDS research and therapy

Result: Other common NRTI RAMs were the K70R (n = 22; 20%), T215Y (n = 36; 24%), M41L (n = 23; 21%), D67N (n = 15; 14%), K219Q/E (n = 14; 13%) and the L210W making 9% of the TAMs.

Highly-sensitive allele-specific PCR testing identifies a greater prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in Japan.

PMID: 24358257 2013 PloS one

Abstract: Results obtained by AS-PCR and bulk sequencing demonstrated good concordance but the AS-PCR enabled the detection of seven additional drug-resistant cases (one M41L, two with K65R, two with K70R, and one M184V) in the RT region.

Abstract: To detect minority populations with drug resistance, we used AS-PCR with mutation-specific primers designed for seven reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations, M41L, K65R, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, and T215F/Y, and for three

Table: K70R

Biochemical, inhibition and inhibitor resistance studies of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus reverse transcriptase.

PMID: 21908397 2012 Nucleic acids research

Discussion: HIV-1 RTs containing the M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y/F, K219E/Q mutations show enhanced removal of AZT.

Drug resistance mutations in HIV pol sequences from Argentinean patients under antiretroviral treatment: subtype, gender, and age issues.

PMID: 21936717 2012 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Abstract: The most common DRMs were L10I, I54V, L90M, V82A, A71V, L10V, M46I, M184V, M41L, T215Y, D67N, L210W, K70R, N348I, V118I, K103N, Y181C, G190A, K101E, V108I, L100I, V90I, K101Q, and

PMID: 22293461 2012 Antiviral therapy

Result: At time of failure the following NRTI mutations were observed: A62V (n=1; 1%), K65R (n=2; 3%), D67G/N (n=2; 3%), T69L (n=1; 1%), K70R (n=1; 1%), V75I (n=1; 1%), M184V (n=46; 66%) and K219K (n=1; 1%).

Zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy selects for the A360V mutation in the connection domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

PMID: 22363673 2012 PloS one

Abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated in vitro that zidovudine (AZT) selects for A371V in the connection domain and Q509L in ribonuclease H (RNase H) domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) which, together with the thymidine analog mutations D67N, K70R and T215F, confer greater than 100-fold AZT resistance.

Abstract: Mutations significantly associated with AZT monotherapy included K70R (p = 0.003) and T215Y (p = 0.013) in the polymerase domain of HIV-1 RT, and A360V (p = 0.041) in the connection domain of HIV-1 RT.

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