literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Acquisition of tenofovir-susceptible, emtricitabine-resistant HIV despite high adherence to daily pre-exposure prophylaxis: a case report.

PMID: 30503324 2018 The lancet. HIV

Introduction: In four of the five prior published cases of HIV acquisition despite high PrEP adherence, the virus demonstrated an M184V mutation in reverse transcriptase (RT) conferring resistance to FTC, and three of these viruses also had resistance mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to TDF (K70R or K65R) (Table 1).

Research on the treatment effects and drug resistances of long-term second-line antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients from Henan Province in China.

PMID: 30442114 2018 BMC infectious diseases

Result: TAM (M41 L, K70R, L210 W, and T215F) and D67N mutations, associated with resistance to TDF, were detected during second-line ART.

Discussion: TDF was used in the second-line program; the mutations associated with resistance to TDF were K65R, TAM (M41 L, K70R, L210 W, T215F), D67N, K70E, and Y115F.

Discussion: The K65R mutation causes intermediate/high-level resistance to TDF; use of TAMs (M41 L, K70R,

Increasing proportions of HIV-1 non-B subtypes and of NNRTI resistance between 2013 and 2016 in Germany: Results from the national molecular surveillance of new HIV-diagnoses.

PMID: 30408827 2018 PloS one

Result: Less frequently observed were the mutations D67N (n = 8), K65R (n = 2) and K70R (n = 2).

Result: The M184V, K70R and K65R mutations induce high level resistance to NRTIs in recommended first-line regimen according to EACS (9.0).

Discussion: So far, resistance mutations selected by tenofovir and emtricitabine (K65R, K70R and M184V) have been rare (below 1%).

Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in mothers on treatment with a history of prophylaxis in Ghana.

PMID: 30223845 2018 Virology journal

Result: The major DRAMs to NRTIs seen in this group were M184 V, Y115F, K70R, K219E and M41 LM while the minor DRAMs to NRTIs seen were T215S, T215I and D67G.

Result: Thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were seen in this study; these were M41 L, K70R, L210 W, T215Y and K219E.

Discussion: Generally, it is known that mutations selected by TAMS confer resistance to internationally approved NRTIs; examples of such TAMS encountered in the study are

PMID: 30174310 2018 Cell chemical biology

Result: Next, we examined the activity of these compounds against an HIV-1 clone namely HIV-167-75,184,215, harboring seven mutations, D67Delta T69G, K70R, L74I, V75T, M184V, and T215F, derived from HIV-1EFdAR and obtained almost similar results as those obtained for HIV-1EFdAR (Table S2, right column).

Result: Next, we examined the effect of HIV-1 RT67-75 (containing D67Delta, T69G, K70R, L74I, and V75T mutations) and HIV-1 RTT215F on viral replication and found that these mutants only slightly affected viral replication kinetics (50% ~ 90% replication compared with that of HIV-

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in a subset of mothers and their infants receiving antiretroviral treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

PMID: 30079168 2018 Journal of public health in Africa

Abstract: Other mutations such as T215F/Y, D67N/E, K70R, and K219Q were associated with intermediate resistance to TDF, AZT, and 3TC.

Result: Also, other DRM such as K70R (5.56%), K219Q (5.56%), T69D (5.56%), Y115F (5.56%) and K65R (5.56%) were detected with equal rates in mothers and were associated with resistance to (AZT, 3TC, TDF), 3TC, DDI, ABC and 3TC respectively.

Discussion: Others mutations detected such as T215F/Y, D67N/E, K70R, and K219Q are associated with intermediate resistance to TDF, AZT, and 3TC.

Antiretroviral resistance among HIV-1 patients on first-line therapy attending a comprehensive care clinic in Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya: a retrospective analysis.

PMID: 30061964 2018 The Pan African medical journal

Table: K70R

Kinetics of Archived M184V Mutation in Treatment-Experienced Virally Suppressed HIV-Infected Patients.

PMID: 30029500 2018 Viruses

Abstract: In particular, A62V was observed in various multi-dideoxynucleoside resistant (MDR) mutation complexes, including the Q151M complex (i.e., A62V, V75I, F77L, F116Y, and Q151M), and the T69SSS insertion complex, which has a serine-serine insertion between amino acid positions 69 and 70 (i.e., M41L, A62V, T69SSS, K70R, and T215Y).

Introduction: In particular, A62V is normally seen in different mutational arrangements, located mostly on the flexible beta3-beta4 loop region of the fingers sub-domain of

Detection of minority drug resistant mutations in Malawian HIV-1 subtype C-positive patients initiating and on first-line antiretroviral therapy.

PMID: 29977795 2018 African journal of laboratory medicine

Table: K70R

HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Genes Variability Can Be a Biomarker Associated with HIV and Hepatitis B or C Coinfection.

PMID: 29844604 2018 Scientific reports

Result: The TAM mutation way more present was TAM 2 (D67N, K70R, T215F and K219Q/E), and was present in seven (77.8%) patients.

Result: Thymidine Analog Mutations (TAMs) were found in nine (26.5%) samples, with one or more mutations among M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F e K219Q/E.

Discussion: Codon mutations K219Q, T69N, and K70R generate conditions where the drug AZT has decreased effectiveness.

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