literature

HIV mutation literature information.

High prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Lome, Togo.

PMID: 21663632 2011 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Result: Two patients had virus mutations indicative of the TAM-1 profile (M41L, L210W, T215S), and two of the TAM-2 profile (D67N, K70R, T215F, K219Q/R/E).

Table: K70R

Genotypic resistance at viral rebound among patients who received lopinavir/ritonavir-based or efavirenz-based first antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.

PMID: 21694608 2011 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Result: Four participants had at least one thymidine-associated mutation (TAM) - two recipients of ZDV+ddI had D67N + K70R, another ZDV+ddI recipient had K70R alone.

Result: Of the 32 individuals who never received EFV, 6 (18.8%, CI: 7.2-36.4%) had NRTI-associated mutations; five had M184V and one with K70R.

Selection of HIV resistance associated with antiretroviral therapy initiated due to pregnancy and suspended postpartum.

PMID: 21765365 2011 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Method: An OLA was performed on all amplicons derived from plasma and PBMC using probes that detect mutations

Result: In addition, OLA detected 4 resistance mutations in 4 women that were not detected by sequencing, including the mutations encoding K103N, Y181C, M184V, and K70R.

Result: She had ART-associated suppression of viral replication, but subsequently her virus rebounded with the L90M and K70R mutations and M184V was newly detected.

The glutamine side chain at position 91 on the beta5a-beta5b loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase is required for stabilizing the dNTP binding pocket.

PMID: 21800837 2011 Biochemistry

Result: have reported a concomitant increase in the processivity of the mutant enzyme D76N, K70R, T215F, and K219Q to compensate for the increased pyrophosphorolysis, which they attribute to alterations T215F and K219Q.

Result: have reported such enhanced pyrophosphorolysis in HIV-1 RT due to mutations D76N/K70R in the high-level resistance mutants D76N, K70R,

Prevalence and resistance mutations of non-B HIV-1 subtypes among immigrants in Southern Spain along the decade 2000-2010.

PMID: 21871090 2011 Virology journal

Abstract: Major RT inhibitor resistance mutations K70R and A98G were present in one patient with subtype G, L100I in one patient with CRF01_AE, and K103N in another patient with CRF01_AE.

Result: Patient SE37, naive for antiretroviral treatment, had A98G and K70R major mutations associated with resistance to non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTI), and nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTI), respectively.

Table: K70R

Drug resistance patterns and virus re-suppression among HIV-1 subtype C infected patients receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in South Africa.

PMID: 21927716 2011 Journal of AIDS & clinical research

Discussion: Among eight patients with TAMs, the most common pathway (seen in 6/8 patients) was TAM-2 related (D67N, K70R, K219Q/R/E); and the rest (2/8) were mixed with the TAM-1 pathway (M41L, L210W, T215Y) extending similar prior Southern African observations.

A structural frame for understanding the role of thymidine analogue resistance mutations in resistance to zidovudine and other nucleoside analogues.

PMID: 22024508 2011 Antiviral therapy

Abstract: These mutations, known as thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) are M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219E/Q.

Resistance patterns selected by nevirapine vs. efavirenz in HIV-infected patients failing first-line antiretroviral treatment: a bayesian analysis.

PMID: 22132100 2011 PloS one

Result: Longer duration of virologic failure was found significantly associated with higher risk of all TAM-2 mutations (D67N, K70R, K219Q/E, T215F) and the T215Y mutation with ORs ranging from 1.25 to 1.84 and PP[OR>1]>98% (Figure 2D).

Result: The cluster D67N-K70R-K219Q-M184V, the first three of which are in the TAM-2 pathway, contained the NRTI mutations most likely to occur together in both treatment groups (Figure 3B).

Discussion: Our analysis offers strong evidence that, in contrast to the mutation patterns published for other subtypes, individuals infected with CRF01_AE and experiencing virologic failure while receiving NV

Correlation between resistance profile and immunosuppression in heavily treated HIV-1 infected Romanian patients.

PMID: 22180722 2011 Romanian biotechnological letters

Result: Thymidine analog mutations, TAMs, selected by zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (D4T) were usually accompanying this mutation; TAM-2 pathway (mutations D67N, K70R, T215F) was most commonly encountered in immunossupressed patients (28.6%), as well as other substitutions that by themselves, or while accompanying other mutations, confer NRTI resistance: K219E/K/Q (38.1%) and T69N (19%).

Postpartum antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1-infected women receiving pregnancy-limited antiretroviral therapy.

PMID: 19915448 2010 AIDS (London, England)

Result: Mutations associated with resistance to nucleoside analogues (NAMs) were also more frequent among women exposed only to dual-drug PLAT (M41L, 5.0%; D67N, 5.0%; K70R, 10.0; and T215Y, 5.0%) than in those treated with 3 drugs (M41L, 1.1%; D67N, 1.1%; K70R, 1.1%; L210F, 1.1%; K219Q, 1.1%).

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