Method: The analysis was performed for N348I and for each of the TAMs: M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E.
Result: N348I was highly associated with several key drug resistance mutations, including M184V/I (p = 6.6 x 10-45) the TAMs M41L (p = 1.8 x 10-14), D67N (p = 7.7 x 10-10),
Discussion: For example, the M41L mutation has been reported to confer between 1.4- to 4-fold AZT resistance, the K70R mutation up to 8-fold resistance, and T215Y up to 16-fold resistance.
An additive/subtractive genotypic score as a determinant of the virological response to didanosine in HIV-1 infected patients.
Abstract: RESULTS: Changes at three codons (M41L, L210W, T215Y/F/D/C/E) were associated with a worse VR and three mutations (K70R, M184V, K219Q) with a better VR.
Abstract: The strongest association with the VR was obtained with the score M41L+L210W+T215Y/F/D/C/E-K70R-K219Q.
Effects of drug resistance on viral load in patients failing antiretroviral therapy.
Abstract: Certain reverse transcriptase mutations such as M184V/I, K70R, V108I, and protease mutations such as L33FIV, M84V, and M36I were associated with reduced viral load.
Frequency and treatment-related predictors of thymidine-analogue mutation patterns in HIV-1 isolates after unsuccessful antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 16586357
2006
The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: TAM pattern 1, which included M41L and L210W and excluded K70R and is coupled with more-extensive cross-resistance to drugs, became the most frequent pattern after 1996.
Analysis of a long-term discrepancy in drug-targeted genes in plasma HIV-1 RNA and PBMC HIV-1 DNA in the same patient.
PMID: 16632914
2006
Japanese journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: In plasma HIV-1 RNA, D67N, K70R, T215Y, and Y188L were present in the reverse transcriptase (RT) region, and two primary mutations, I84V and L90M, were noted in the protease (Pro) region.
Antiviral efficacy and genotypic resistance patterns of combination therapy with stavudine/tenofovir in highly active antiretroviral therapy experienced patients.
Abstract: Any single type-1 thymidine analogue mutation (TAM; M41L, L210W, T215Y) had a negative effort on the change in HIV RNA at 6 months, whereas among type-2 TAMs (D67N, K70R, K219Q), only D67N showed a trend for a negative effect.
The K65R mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase exhibits bidirectional phenotypic antagonism with thymidine analog mutations.
Abstract: To test this possibility, we generated recombinant HIV-1 encoding K65R in two different TAM backgrounds: M41L/L210W/T215Y and D67N/K70R/T215F/K219Q.
Risk factors for selection of the L74I reverse transcriptase mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients.
PMID: 16801444
2006
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: L74I was strongly associated with T215F, K70R, and V75M/S/T/A mutations and increased with the number of thymidine analog mutations.
Fitness comparison of thymidine analog resistance pathways in human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Abstract: By contrast, introduction of T215F into the D67N/K70R/K219Q background increased viral fitness in the presence of ZDV.
Abstract: Whereas T215Y occurs alone or with M41L and L210W (TAM-1 pattern), T215F rarely occurs with these mutations
Abstract: Whereas introduction of L210W improved the relative fitness of an M41L/T215Y mutant in the presence of ZDV, introduction of this mutation into a D67N/K70R/K219Q background resulted in decreased relative fitness in the presence or absence of drug.
Involvement of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations in the regulation of resistance to nucleoside inhibitors.
Abstract: Differently, D218E clustered with the NAM2 pathway (D67N+K70R+K219Q+T215F), and its presence in this cluster determined an increase in zidovudine resistance.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2007
PLoS medicine
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