Sustained virological response and drug resistance among female sex workers living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study.
Result: In thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs), K70R mutation was the most common (37.2%).
Table: K70R
Discussion: TAMs occur in different patterns: type 1 includes M41L, L210W and T215Y (14%, 11.6% and 4.7% prevalence, respectively, in our study), and type 2 includes K70R, D67N T215F and K219Q/E (37.2%, 27.9%, 27.9% and 14% prevalence, respectively, in our study).
Discussion: The accumulation of other mutations observed included TAMs (including M41L, L210W, T215Y, K70R, D67N,
HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Patients with HIV and HIV-TB Coinfection After Failure of First-Line Therapy: A Prevalence Study in a Resource-Limited Setting.
PMID: 31117863
2019
Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
Table: K70R
Prevalence of drug resistance mutations among ART-naive and -experienced HIV-infected patients in Sierra Leone.
PMID: 30989237
2019
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: Other mutations observed with a frequency of 2.0% were as follows: for NRTIs, D67N (n = 1), K70R (n = 1) and K219E (n = 1); and for NNRTIs, V106AM (n = 1) and G190A (n = 1) (Figure 1).
Two Coselected Distal Mutations in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) Alter Susceptibility to Nonnucleoside RT Inhibitors and Nucleoside Analogs.
Discussion: The primary resistance mutations to AZT are T215F/Y and/or K70R.
HIV-1 drug resistance testing is essential for heavily-treated patients switching from first- to second-line regimens in resource-limited settings: evidence from routine clinical practice in Cameroon.
Abstract: Thymidine-analogue mutations (TAMs)-1 [T215FY (46.53%), M41 L (22.77%), L210 W (8.91%)], with cross-resistance to AZT and TDF, were higher compared to TAMs-2 [D67N (21.78%), K70R (19.80%), K219QE (18.81%)].
Result: Of note, TAMs-1 were predominant (T215F/Y: 46.5%; M41 L: 22.8%; L210 W: 8.9%) and associated with higher levels of resistance to both AZT and TDF; as compared to TAMs-2 that had relatively lower prevalence (D67N: 21.8%; K70R: 19.8%; K219Q/E: 18.8%) and were associated preferentially with AZT/D4T-resistance.
Persistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Proviral Deoxyribonucleic Acid After Virologic Failure of Efavirenz-Containing Antiretroviral Regimens.
PMID: 30863788
2019
Open forum infectious diseases
Result: For a number of TDRMs, no loss could be observed during the observation period (S1 Table) and, according to their maximal duration of observation, the following TDRMs seem to survive for lengthy periods
Discussion: D67N has been shown in other studies to persist for a long time, while K70R has been shown to be lost rather quickly.
Discussion: However, the long persistence of K70R in our study was observed in a patient without additional TDRMs.
Discussion: It has been shown in vitro that the fitness cost of K70R is higher in combination with other mutations, possibly explaining its faster reversion in other in vivo cohort studies.
Discussion: Moreover, the mutations K70R and D67N were observed in one study patient each for 6.9 and 5.9 years, respectively.
Drug resistance evolution in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1 under long-term antiretroviral treatment-failure in Yunnan Province, China.
Discussion: Two clusters were studied here; TAM-1 (M41 L and T215Y) and TAM-2 (D67N, K70R, and K219Q).
Virological outcomes of boosted protease inhibitor-based first-line ART in subjects harbouring thymidine analogue-associated mutations as the sole form of transmitted drug resistance.
PMID: 30544247
2019
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Method: TAMs comprised the RT mutations M41L, D67N/G/E, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F/rev and K219Q/E/N/R; T215rev comprised any change from T215 other than T215Y and T215F.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2019
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