Introduction: Amino acid sequence alignments of the polymerase domains of SFVmac and HIV-1 revealed that the SFVmac AZT resistance mutations do not correspond to the ones obtained with highly AZT-resistant HIV-1 RT (M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y/F and K219Q/E).
Geographic and temporal trends in the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance: an individual-patient- and sequence-level meta-analysis.
Method: Thymidine-analog mutations (TAMs) were defined as the NRTI SDRMs M41L, D67N/G/E, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F/S/C/D/E/I/V, and K219Q/E/N/R.
Result: Of the 34 NRTI SDRMs, 16 occurred in >=0.1% of the 50,870 viruses from all regions: most commonly M184V, the TAMs (M41L, D67G/N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, K219E/Q), the T215 revertants (T215C/D/
Prediction of drug-resistance using genotypic and docking analysis among anti-retroviral therapy naive and first-line treatment failures in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.
Discussion: In contrast to these earlier reports that identified a limited number of NRTI mutations (T215D, K219Q and D67G, V75A) with a low overall frequency (4.2% and 5.1%, respectively) in newly infected Iranian cases, we detected a variety of NRTI SDRMs (M41L, D67N, K70R, V75M, F116Y, M184V, L210W, T215Y, and K219E) with a higher overall frequency (10%) in chronically infected IDUs in the city of Sanandaj (Table 2).
Longitudinal Detection and Persistence of Minority Drug-Resistant Populations and Their Effect on Salvage Therapy.
Introduction: In this study, we used AS-PCR to analyze expression dynamics of eight drug resistance mutations (M41L, K65R, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V and T215F/Y) during the clinical course of ARV-treated individuals with documented virologic failures and drug-resistant HIV-1.
Method: Briefly, mutation-specific primers were designed for seven reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations, M41L, K65R, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, and
Table: K70R
Comparison of 454 Ultra-Deep Sequencing and Allele-Specific Real-Time PCR with Regard to the Detection of Emerging Drug-Resistant Minor HIV-1 Variants after Antiretroviral Prophylaxis for Vertical Transmission.
Abstract: METHODS: Plasma samples from 34 Tanzanian women were previously analysed by ASPCR for key resistance mutations in the viral RT selected by AZT, 3TC, and NVP (K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, T215Y/F).
Result: However, in four cases very low proportions of key resistance mutations were detected by UDS: 0.5% K70R (sample No.
Result: Nine resistant variants with the AZT-selected mutations K70R and/or T215I were identified in eight samples at frequencies of 1.0% to 10.0%.
Result: The proportions of K70R qu
Table: K70K/R
Table: K70R
Low Incidence of HIV-1C Acquired Drug Resistance 10 Years after Roll-Out of Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Discussion: Despite the extensive use of thymidine analogues like AZT or D4T in Ethiopia and unlike previous similar studies, TAMs characterized by the mutations M41L, L210W, T215Y (TAM-path 1) and D67N, K70R, T215F, K219Q/E (TAM-path 2) were lacking in the current study indicating a recent period of virological failure.
The Evolving Genotypic Profile of HIV-1 Mutations Related to Antiretroviral Treatment in the North Region of Brazil.
Result: Taking into account multiple mutations together, the thymidine analog mutations (TAM) pathway 1 (including M41L, L210W, and T215Y) was selected in 40.8% of the patients, whereas TAM-2 (including D67N, K70R, T215F, and 58 K219Q/E) was present in 42.2%.
Result: The most prevalent mutations related to NRTIs were M184V (80.1%), followed by M41L (31.8%), T215Y (30.2%), D67N (25.5%), K70R (24.4%), T215F (18.3%), L210W (15.1%), and V118I
HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance in Honduras after a Decade of Widespread Antiretroviral Therapy.
Discussion: Indeed, other NRTI DR mutations as M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, and T215Y/F.
Discussion: We observed a significant decrease in the frequency of NRTI PDR mutations (D67N, K70R, M184V, T215Y) and an increase in the frequency of K103N (Fig 4), consistent with a long-term decrease in NRTI PDR and increase in NNRTI PDR in Honduras since the beginning of the national ART programme.
Outcome of patients on second line antiretroviral therapy under programmatic condition in India.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2015
Retrovirology
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