Result: Mutations from the TAM-2 pathway (D67N, K70R, T215F and K219Q/E) were only weakly or even negatively associated with the E40F and K43E changes, with the exception of the D67N
Discussion: In this study we show that these E40F and K43E changes are highly associated with mutations from the TAM-1 pathway (M41L, L210W and T215Y) and less with the amino acid changes from the TAM-2 pathway (D67N, K70R, T215F and K219Q/E) (Table 2).
Prevalence of genotypic resistance to nucleoside analogues, nonnucleoside analogues, and protease inhibitors in HIV-infected persons in Athens, Greece.
PMID: 18275347
2008
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The most frequent ARMs of each drug category were to NRTIs at codons M184V [present in 149 tests (63.6%)], M41L [79 (33.8%)], K70R [66 (28.2%)], M184VI [58 (24.8%)], T215YF [53 (22.7%)], D67N [82 (35.0%)], T215Y [72 (30.8%)], K219Q [47 (20.1%)], K219E/Q [54 (23.1%)], and L210W [49 (20.9%)], respectively.
A radiolabeled oligonucleotide ligation assay demonstrates the high frequency of nevirapine resistance mutations in HIV type 1 quasispecies of NVP-treated and untreated mother-infant pairs from Uganda.
PMID: 18284323
2008
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The majority of these samples (n = 107) were then analyzed using a radiolabeled oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) specific for K70R, K103N, and Y181C, using nonstandard bases to accommodate sequence heterogeneity.
Abstract: These findings suggest a relatively high frequency of K103N mutation in the drug-naive, subtype A and D infected Ugandan population as compared to the very low frequency of the Y181C and K70R mutation (<0.6%).
HIV type 1 pol gene diversity and antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in Santos, Brazil.
PMID: 18327988
2008
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Drug resistance mutations identified in common to subtypes B, F, and recombinants B/F were protease inhibitors M46I/L (29%), I54V (24%), A71V (22%), and V82A/F (31%); reverse transcriptase nucleoside resistance mutations M41L (52%), D67N (30%), K70R (26%), M184V (88%), L210W (29%), T215Y/I/F (65%), and K219Q/E/N (28%); and reverse transcriptase nonnucleoside resistance mutation K103N (52%).
Factors associated with the emergence of K65R in patients with HIV-1 infection treated with combination antiretroviral therapy containing tenofovir.
Abstract: RESULTS: In an adjusted logistic regression, TDF treatment with nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and/or didanosine was associated with the emergence of K65R, whereas the presence of any of the thymidine analogue mutations D67N, K70R, T215F, or K219E/Q was protective.
Silent mutations at codons 65 and 66 in reverse transcriptase alleviate indel formation and restore fitness in subtype B HIV-1 containing D67N and K70R drug resistance mutations.
PMID: 18462084
2008
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: A history of monotherapy or dual therapy, accumulation of three or more key DRMs in the HIV-1 polymerase, and/or the presence of substitutions K70R or T215F/Y were associated with shorter time off therapy during GTI.
Abstract: Multivariate analyses adjusted by nadir CD4(+) counts supported the presence of DRMs in plasma HIV-1 RNA, and specifically the K70R or T215F/Y, as potent predictors of time off therapy.
Abstract: Regardless of the number of DRMs, the presence of K70R or T215F/Y predicted the shortest TI time.
Connection domain mutations N348I and A360V in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase enhance resistance to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine through both RNase H-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
PMID: 18547911
2008
The Journal of biological chemistry
Introduction: This region includes polymerase domain mutations M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, and K219Q/E, which are referred to as thymidine analogue-associated mutations (TAMs).
Result: Furthermore, A360V was highly correlated with various mutations considered to be part of the TAMs cluster; for example, of the samples with A360V, 35% were associated with M41L, 21% with D67N, 30% with K70R, 17% with L210W, 42% with T215Y/F, and 17% with K219Q/E
Phylogenetic and genetic analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus gag, pol, and env genes from domestic cats undergoing nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor treatment or treatment-naive cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Abstract: These signatures were comparable to K65R and K70R thymidine-associated mutations found in the HIV-1 HXB2 counterpart.
Abstract: This finding strongly suggests a position correlation between the mutations found in FIV and the K65R and K70R substitutions from drug-resistant HIV-1 strains.
Antiretroviral drug resistance surveillance among drug-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in Gauteng Province, South Africa in 2002 and 2004.
Abstract: Of these, one had T69D and one had the K70R resistance mutation, to give a total of 2/48 (4.2%) participants with evidence of resistance mutations by genotyping.
Short communication: high prevalence of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in treatment-naive patients in Greenland.
PMID: 18620490
2008
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The most prevalent mutations were T69D/N (15%), K70R (15%), and M184V (10%).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2008
Retrovirology
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