Abstract: To test the predictions of this model, we analyzed the effects of previously identified cn mutations in combination with thymidine analog mutations (D67N, K70R, T215Y, and K219Q) on in vitro RNase H activity and AZT monophosphate (AZTMP) excision.
HIV drug resistance pattern among HAART-exposed patients with suboptimal virological response in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
PMID: 18667925
2008
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Some resistance mutations, notably D67N/G, K70R and L210W (thymidine analogue mutations-TAMs); K101E, V179E in RT, 154V, V82A/T/F and L90M in PR were significantly higher among CRF06_cpx than CRF02_AG strains (P < 0.05).
HIV type 1 subtype C drug resistance among pediatric and adult South African patients failing antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 19000027
2008
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Ninety-one percent of patients harbored resistance mutations; the most frequent NRTI mutations were M184V/I (37%), D67N (32%), T215Y/F (25%), K70R (21%), M41L (20%), K219Q/E (14%), and K65R (14%), reflecting the frequent use of lamuvidine and zidovudine.
Silent mutations are selected in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and affect enzymatic efficiency.
Abstract: Steady-state kinetic experiments demonstrated that HIV-1 reverse transcriptase exhibited a strong tendency to pause and/or dissociate at codons 65 and 66 on RNA templates that contained the D67N and K70R mutations.
Introduction: By contrast, the mutations M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219Q/E - typically referred to as thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) - augment the ability of HIV-1 RT to excise the chain-terminating NRTI-monophosphate from a prematurely terminated DNA chain.
Abstract: In the current study, we have defined the mechanism by which Q509L
Result: By comparison, TAMs, which include M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, and K219Q/E, increase the ability of HIV-1 RT to excise a chain-terminating NRTI-monophosphate (NRTI-MP) from a DNA chain.
Result: The enzymes included in this study were WT RT, D67N/K70R/T215F (AZTR) RT, and AZTR/Q509L RT.
[Research on the selective kinetics of HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug resistance-associated mutations among 4 AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy].
PMID: 19103117
2008
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi
Abstract: Interestingly, in patient 'C', some clones comprising not only TAMs pattern 1 mutations (T215Y) but also TAMs pattern 2 mutations (K70R, D67N).
Abstract: TAMs pattern 2, including D67N, K70R and K219Q mutations, was discovered in patient 'B'.
Emergence of antiretroviral drug resistance in therapy-naive HIV infected patients in Hungary.
PMID: 19130746
2008
Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica
Abstract: Viral variants harbouring resistance mutations such as: M41, T69R, K70R, M184V, T215Y in the pol gene were detected in 14% of the subjects.
Mutational patterns associated with the 69 insertion complex in multi-drug-resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase that confer increased excision activity and high-level resistance to zidovudine.
Abstract: Further studies, using recombinant RTs obtained by site-directed mutagenesis, revealed that M41L, A62V and in a lesser extent K70R, were the key mutations that together with T69S, T215Y and the dipeptide insertion conferred high levels of ATP-dependent phosphorolytic activity on AZT and d4T-terminated primers.
The fitness cost of mutations associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance is modulated by mutational interactions.
Abstract: We also demonstrate that the fitness cost of M184V and K70R can be decreased or enhanced by other resistance mutations such as D67N and K219Q.
[Prevalence of mutations of resistance to HIV-I reverse transcriptase inhibitors among HIV-infected patients in the Southern Federal District].
Abstract: The group of patients receiving antiviral treatment was found to have different drug resistance mutations in the HIV-1 pol gene: K70R, M184V, K219Q, T215Y/F, L74V, etc.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2008
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Browser Board
Co-occurred Entities
Filtrator
ViMRT