Rate of thymidine analogue resistance mutation accumulation with zidovudine- or stavudine-based regimens.
PMID: 15097303
2004
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: The frequency of K70R and T215Y or F mutations was similar in both groups, although M41L was observed more frequently in samples from ZDV-treated subjects.
Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 carrying the D67N or K219Q/E mutation evolves rapidly to zidovudine resistance in vitro and shows a high replicative fitness in the presence of zidovudine.
Abstract: Through the analysis of resistance mutations in 1082 newly diagnosed antiretroviral-naive persons from the United States, we found that 35 of 48 (72.9%) persons infected with HIV-1 containing thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) had viruses that lacked a primary mutation (T215Y/F, K70R, or Q151M).
Study of antiretroviral drug-resistant HIV-1 genotypes in northern Thailand: role of mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction as a tool for monitoring zidovudine-resistant HIV-1 in resource-limited settings.
PMID: 15247558
2004
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Concordant rates of detecting M41L and K70R mutations by the 2 methods were 96.9% (93/96) and 92.7% (89/96), respectively.
Abstract: The M41L and K70R MS-PCR could detect 86.4% of AZT-resistant strains with any resistance mutation, which was determined by the sequencing method.
Abstract: The M41L and K70R MS-PCR is potentially a useful tool to monitor the spread of AZT-resistant HIV-1 in resource-limited countries.
Abstract: Then 292 drug-naive individuals were screened for the presence of drug-resistant HIV-1 by the MS-PCR assay and it was found that 2 individuals (0.7%) carried viruses with either the M41L or K70R mutation.
Abstract: This study first sequenced the
Effects of the Delta67 complex of mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase on nucleoside analog excision.
Abstract: HIV-1 variants containing amino acid substitutions within the coding region of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), such as the 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)-resistant variant AZT-R (M41L/D67N/K70R/T215Y/K219Q) and a variant containing an insertion in the fingers domain (S69SGR70/T215Y), are resistant to the nucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI) AZT because of an increase in the level of excision of AZT monophosphate (AZTMP) from the primer.
High frequency of selection of K65R and Q151M mutations in HIV-2 infected patients receiving nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors containing regimen.
Abstract: In 8/9 cases, Q151M mutation was associated with other substitutions at positions known to be involved in HIV-1 resistance: K65R (n = 6), D67N (n = 1), N69S or T (n = 2), K70R (n = 3), M184V (n = 4), S215Y (n = 1).
2004: which HIV-1 drug resistance mutations are common in clinical practice?
Abstract: For example, only the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations M184V, M41L T215Y, D67N, K70R and L210W, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations K103N and Y181C, and protease inhibitor (PI) mutation L90M, occur in more than 10% of samples tested for resistance in this population.
Antiretroviral resistance and genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from the Federal District, Central Brazil.
PMID: 15761606
2004
Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Abstract: Many mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to nucleoside or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were detected: M41L (11%), E44D (4%), D67N (11%), T69D (2%), K70R (11%), L74V (2%), L100I (4%), K103N (18%), V118I (9%), Y181C (11%), M184V (18%), G190A (4%), T215Y (4%), and K219E (4%).
Rates of transmission of antiretroviral drug resistant strains of HIV-1.
Abstract: Resistance mutation K70R was detected in one of the six immigrants with non-B subtype and M41L in another.
Dioxolane guanosine 5'-triphosphate, an alternative substrate inhibitor of wild-type and mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Steady state and pre-steady state kinetic analyses.
PMID: 12651859
2003
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: In vitro, HIV-1 mutants resistant to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (M41L/D67N/K70R/T215Y/K219Q) and (-)beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) (M184V) remain sensitive to DXG.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2004
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
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