literature

Distinct Pattern of Thymidine Analogue Mutations with K65R in Patients Failing Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy.

PMID: 29084434 2018 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Introduction: Based on significant previous research of DRMs, TAMs have been described to associate into one of two distinct pathways: TAM-1 (M41L, L210W, T215Y) or TAM-2 (D67N, K70R, T215F, K219E/Q).

Introduction: For all TAMs, with the exception of K219E, D67N, and K70R, there was no acquisition from S1 to S2 in patients on TDF, whereas the mean acquisition rates of individual TAMs in the patients on AZT varied from 0.005 mutations per month to 0.019 mutations per month.

Introduction: In viruses lacking K65R, the TAMs observed included a broader array of primarily TAM-2, including

PMID: 29584723 2018 PLoS medicine

Table: K70R

Impact of Antiretroviral Regimens on Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Escape in a Prospective Multicohort Study of Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Adults in the United States.

PMID: 29617912 2018 Clinical infectious diseases

Result: Given the high frequency of M184V/I detected in all samples (28%, 56/197), these mutations were combined with thymidine-analog mutations (TAMs; ie, M41L, L210W, T215Y, D67N, K70R, T215F, K219Q/E) for analysis.

Risk factors and outcomes for the Q151M and T69 insertion HIV-1 resistance mutations in historic UK data.

PMID: 29661246 2018 AIDS research and therapy

Table: K70R

HIV-1 transmission networks across Cyprus (2010-2012).

PMID: 29684083 2018 PloS one

Result: The second study subject, also a Romanian citizen living in Cyprus, was also infected with a sub-subtype F1strain dual-class RT and PI resistant strain carrying D67N, K70R, M184V, T215F, Y181C, M46L, I54V and V82F mutations associated with drug resistance.

HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Genes Variability Can Be a Biomarker Associated with HIV and Hepatitis B or C Coinfection.

PMID: 29844604 2018 Scientific reports

Result: The TAM mutation way more present was TAM 2 (D67N, K70R, T215F and K219Q/E), and was present in seven (77.8%) patients.

Result: Thymidine Analog Mutations (TAMs) were found in nine (26.5%) samples, with one or more mutations among M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F e K219Q/E.

Discussion: Codon mutations K219Q, T69N, and K70R generate conditions where the drug AZT has decreased effectiveness.

Detection of minority drug resistant mutations in Malawian HIV-1 subtype C-positive patients initiating and on first-line antiretroviral therapy.

PMID: 29977795 2018 African journal of laboratory medicine

Table: K70R

Antiretroviral resistance among HIV-1 patients on first-line therapy attending a comprehensive care clinic in Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya: a retrospective analysis.

PMID: 30061964 2018 The Pan African medical journal

Table: K70R

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in a subset of mothers and their infants receiving antiretroviral treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

PMID: 30079168 2018 Journal of public health in Africa

Abstract: Other mutations such as T215F/Y, D67N/E, K70R, and K219Q were associated with intermediate resistance to TDF, AZT, and 3TC.

Result: Also, other DRM such as K70R (5.56%), K219Q (5.56%), T69D (5.56%), Y115F (5.56%) and K65R (5.56%) were detected with equal rates in mothers and were associated with resistance to (AZT, 3TC, TDF), 3TC, DDI, ABC and 3TC respectively.

Discussion: Others mutations detected such as T215F/Y, D67N/E, K70R, and K219Q are associated with intermediate resistance to TDF, AZT, and 3TC.

The High Genetic Barrier of EFdA/MK-8591 Stems from Strong Interactions with the Active Site of Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase.

PMID: 30174310 2018 Cell chemical biology

Introduction: Moreover, we found that nine amino acid substitutions, namely, M41L, D67Delta, T69G, K70R, L74I, V75T, M184V, T215F, and K219Q (in HIV-1EFdAR), were associated with EFdA resistance.

Result: <

Result: Next, we examined the activity of these compounds against an HIV-1 clone namely HIV-167-75,184,215, harboring seven mutations, D67Delta T69G, K70R, L74I, V75T, M184V, and T215F, derived from HIV-1EFdAR and obtained almost similar results as those obtained for HIV-1EFdAR (Table S2, right column).