Method: In this study, HIV-2 resistance mutations were identified using the list generated by the 'Collaborative HIV and Anti-HIV Drug Resistance Network', leading to the following mutations in reverse transcriptase - K65R, D67G/N, N69S/T, K70N/R, L74V, V111I, Y115F, M184I/V, Q151M, S215A/C/F/L/Y, K223R; and in protease - V47A, G48V, I50V, I54L/M,
HIV-1 virologic failure and acquired drug resistance among first-line antiretroviral experienced adults at a rural HIV clinic in coastal Kenya: a cross-sectional study.
Abstract: K70R (p = 0.016) and M46I (p = 0.026) were found more frequently among recently infected patients.
Result: Higher frequencies of K70R (p = 0.016) and M46I (p = 0.026) were present among patients with recent HIV-1 infection; there were no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of other RAMs.
Discussion: Previous studies also have shown that K70R has been one of the most common RAMs observed among ART-naive patients, and is consistent with the widespread use of zidovudine and stavudine in the region.
Discussion: We also noted higher frequencies of K70R and M46I in patients with recent HIV-1 infection.
Connection subdomain mutations in HIV-1 subtype-C treatment-experienced patients enhance NRTI and NNRTI drug resistance.
Method: Vectors pHL[B-TAMs] and pHL[C-TAMs] were created by introducing NRTI resistance mutations D67N, Result: Inherent levels of AZT resistance were first tested for wild-type subtype C in the absence (C-WT) or presence (C-TAMs) of TAMs (D67N, K70R, T215F/Y and K219Q).
Result: We have previously shown that the difference in AZT resistance between TAMs combination D67N, K70R, T215Y and K219Q versus D67N, K70R, T215F and K219Q in a subtype B background is ~1.6-fold.
Tenofovir-based regimens associated with less drug resistance in HIV-1-infected Nigerians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.
Method: Thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) included M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, K219E/Q) that were further designated as TAM 1 (M41-L210-T215Y) or TAM 2 (D67-K70-T215F-K219).
From the chemistry of epoxy-sugar nucleosides to the discovery of anti-HIV agent 4'-ethynylstavudine-Festinavir.
Introduction: A012D contains four NRTI-associated mutations (NAMs) (D67K, K70R, T215F and K219Q), which confer a high level (210-fold) resistance to zidovudine.
Antiviral resistance and correlates of virologic failure in the first cohort of HIV-infected children gaining access to structured antiretroviral therapy in Lima, Peru: a cross-sectional analysis.
Result: The M184V reverse transcriptase mutation was detected in 80% of the sequenced RNA samples and tested positive in 74% and 47% by RNA-OLA and DNA-OLA, whereas thymidine associated mutations (TAMs: M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, K219Q/E) were detected in 50% of sequenced viral RNA.
Evaluation of a benchtop HIV ultradeep pyrosequencing drug resistance assay in the clinical laboratory.
PMID: 23284027
2013
Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: Several patients had low-abundance D67N, K70R, and M184V reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations that persisted long after discontinuation of the drug that elicited these mutations.
Human APOBEC3G-mediated hypermutation is associated with antiretroviral therapy failure in HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals.
PMID: 23443042
2013
Journal of the International AIDS Society
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2014
PloS one
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