Introduction: As an initial approach, we focused on designing an assay for six major DR mutations: M41L,
Result: DR mutations were found at codons M41L (n = 22), K65R (n = 3), K70R (n = 10), K103N (n = 7), M184V (n = 21) and T215Y/F (n = 22) in 40 specimens (Table 2).
Table: K70R
Discussion: To simplify the development, we chose clade B virus and focused on the following mutations in the RT region: M41L, K65R, K70R, K103N, M184V and T215Y/F.
Virological failure and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among naive and antiretroviral pre-treated patients entering the ESTHER program of Calmette Hospital in Cambodia.
Result: The TAM2 pathway (D67N, K70R, T215F, and K219Q/E) was present in 5/22, 4/22, 8/22, 2/22 patients.
HIV multi-drug resistance at first-line antiretroviral failure and subsequent virological response in Asia.
PMID: 25141905
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Introduction: There are two TAM pathways: type I (M41L, L210W and T215Y) and type II (D67N, K70R, T215F and K219Q/E); the former conferring higher levels of resistance and cross-resistance.
Result: A total of 35 patients had at least 1 TAM, with the following distribution: M41L (16%), D67N (15%), K70R (9%), L210W (11%), T215Y (16%), T215F (11%), K219Q (5%) and K219E (2%).
Characterization of amino acids Arg, Ser and Thr at position 70 within HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Abstract: K70R is part of the thymidine analog mutations, but also other amino acid changes have been associated with NRTI resistance, such as K70E and K70G.
Abstract: In vitro phenotypic testing revealed only minor effects of K70R/S/T as single mutations, associated with Q151M and within the context of the Q151M-complex.
2014 Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.
Discussion: Mutations known to be selected by TAMs (ie, M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E) also confer reduced susceptibility to all currently approved nRTIs.
Discussion: The presence of K70R or M184V alone does not decrease virologic response to didanosine.
Emergence of drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patients from pune, India, at the end of 12 months of first line antiretroviral therapy initiation.
Abstract: HIV-1 resistance to zidovudine [AZT (azidothymidine)] is associated with selection of the mutations M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219Q/E in RT (reverse transcriptase).
Result: Consistent with previously published data, we found that RTs containing M41L/L210W/T215Y or D67N/K70R/T215F/K219Q increased the enzyme's apparent affinity for ATP (KM) and the rate of excision (kexcision) (Table 1).
Result: I
HIV reverse-transcriptase drug resistance mutations during early infection reveal greater transmission diversity than in envelope sequences.
PMID: 24924164
2014
The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: The samples were screened with sensitive polymerase chain reaction assays for the commonly transmitted M41L and K70R mutations and for K65R, which was undetected by bulk sequencing.
Molecular basis of the association of H208Y and thymidine analogue resistance mutations M41L, L210W and T215Y in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase of treated patients.
Abstract: Thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) associate in two clusters: (i) TAM1 (M41L, L210W and T215Y) and TAM2 (D67N, K70R, K219E/Q, and sometimes T215F).
Natural polymorphisms and unusual mutations in HIV-1 protease with potential antiretroviral resistance: a bioinformatic analysis.
Result: The codons T12, N37, L63, H69, K70 and I72 include mutations weakly associated with PI resistance (T12A/I, N37D/E, L63A, H69Y, K70E, and I72R), and mutations lacking evidence of PI resistance (T12P/S, N37S/T/C/H/I, L63S/V/R/G/H, H69Q, K70R/T/I, and I72V/T/E/M).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2014
PloS one
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