Discussion: M184V associates with high-level resistance to abacavir, emtricitabine, and lamivudine; while K70R and D67N are among the TAMs.
Discussion: This study further reports frequent NRTI resistance-associated mutations as M184V, K70R, and D67N in line with other studies.
Nucleocapsid Protein Precursors NCp9 and NCp15 Suppress ATP-Mediated Rescue of AZT-Terminated Primers by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase.
PMID: 32747359
2020
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Clinically relevant combinations of TAMs, such as M41L/T215Y or D67N/K70R/T215F/K219Q, enhance the ATP-mediated excision of AZT monophosphate (AZTMP) from the 3' end of the primer, allowing DNA synthesis to continue.
Abstract: In HIV-1, development of resistance to AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine) is mediated by the acquisition of thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) (i.e., M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, and K219E/Q) in the viral reverse transcriptase (RT).
Trend of HIV-1 drug resistance in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over 17 years (2001-2017).
Discussion: Compared to Sanger sequencing, the OLA used in this study identified PDR in all but one participant (with K70R) who subsequently experienced virologic failure.
Expanded Spectrum of Antiretroviral-Selected Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2.
PMID: 31965175
2020
The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: In RT, 9 nonpolymorphic TSMs occurred in >=10 persons: K40R, A62V, K70R, Y115F, Q151M, M184VI, S215Y.
Antiviral Activity of Tenofovir Alafenamide against HIV-1 with Thymidine Analog-Associated Mutations and M184V.
PMID: 31988104
2020
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: The susceptibilities to antiviral drugs of site-directed mutants (SDMs) and patient-derived mutants containing combinations of TAMs (M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y, and K219Q) with or without the M184V mutation (TAMs+-M184V) were evaluated using either 5-day multicycle (MC; n = 110) or 2-day single-cycle (SC; n = 96) HIV assays.
Comparison of HIV drug resistance profiles across HIV-1 subtypes A and D for patients receiving a tenofovir-based and zidovudine-based first line regimens in Uganda.
Result: This was followed by K70R, K65R and K219 mutations occurring at 56 (24.3%), 42 (23.1%) and 40 (22%) respectively.
High resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype circulating recombinant form 02_AG in Ghana and on antiretroviral therapy.
Abstract: Major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resista
Discussion: T215Y/F and K219E are major TAMs which give rise to high-level resistance to Zidovudine and Stavudine, especially when the mutations occur in concert with accessory TAMs like M41L, D67N, and K70R.
Discussion: Other mutations detected in this study, which have been shown to confer resistance to NRTIs, were M184I, T69N, L74I, M41L, K70R/E, T215Y/F, and K219E.
Natural polymorphisms in HIV-1 CRF01_AE strain and profile of acquired drug resistance mutations in a long-term combination treatment cohort in northeastern China.
Result: The NRTI-associated DRMs detected at TF time point in descending order included K65R (57.1%), M184 V/I (47.6%), S68G (26.2%), A62V (14.3%), K70E/R (9.5%), and Y115F (9.5%).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
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