Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.
Method: A subset of the NRTI-associated SDRMs were classified as thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) including M41L, D67N/G, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, K219Q/E/R/N, and the T215 revertants T215C/D/E/I/S/V (which evolve from T215F/Y in the absence of selective drug pressure).
Figure: This ART-experienced individual appeared to acquire Y181C + L90M plus K70R in 1999 (sequence followed by an asterisk).
Transmission of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations within partner-pairs: A cross-sectional study of a primary HIV infection cohort.
Distinct Pattern of Thymidine Analogue Mutations with K65R in Patients Failing Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy.
PMID: 29084434
2018
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Introduction: Based on significant previous research of DRMs, TAMs have been described to associate into one of two distinct pathways: TAM-1 (M41L, L210W, T215Y) or TAM-2 (D67N, K70R, T215F, K219E/Q).
Introduction: For all TAMs, with the exception of K219E, D67N, and K70R, there was no acquisition from S1 to S2 in patients on TDF, whereas the mean acquisition rates of individual TAMs in the patients on AZT varied from 0.005 mutations per month to 0.019 mutations per month.
Introduction: In viruses lacking K65R, the TAMs observed included a broader array of primarily TAM-2, including PMID: 29275329
2018
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: Here, we demonstrate that mutant M41L/D67N/K70R/S215Y HIV-2 RT lacks ATP-dependent excision activity, and recombinant virus containing this RT remains susceptible to AZT inhibition.
Abstract: Interestingly, recombinant HIV-2 carrying a mutant D67N/K70R/M73K RT showed 10-fold decreased AZT susceptibility and increased rescue efficiency on AZT- or tenofovir-terminated primers, as compared with the double-mutant D67N/K70R.
Abstract: Mutations of the excision pathway such as M41L, D67N,
Impact of Antiretroviral Regimens on Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Escape in a Prospective Multicohort Study of Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Adults in the United States.
Result: Given the high frequency of M184V/I detected in all samples (28%, 56/197), these mutations were combined with thymidine-analog mutations (TAMs; ie, M41L, L210W, T215Y, D67N, K70R, T215F, K219Q/E) for analysis.
Risk factors and outcomes for the Q151M and T69 insertion HIV-1 resistance mutations in historic UK data.
Result: The second study subject, also a Romanian citizen living in Cyprus, was also infected with a sub-subtype F1strain dual-class RT and PI resistant strain carrying D67N, K70R, M184V, T215F, Y181C, M46L, I54V and V82F mutations associated with drug resistance.
HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Genes Variability Can Be a Biomarker Associated with HIV and Hepatitis B or C Coinfection.
Result: The TAM mutation way more present was TAM 2 (D67N, K70R, T215F and K219Q/E), and was present in seven (77.8%) patients.
Result: Thymidine Analog Mutations (TAMs) were found in nine (26.5%) samples, with one or more mutations among M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F e K219Q/E.
Discussion: Codon mutations K219Q, T69N, and K70R generate conditions where the drug AZT has decreased effectiveness.
Discussion: This patient has the following resistance codons: M41L, D67H, T69N, K70R, L74I, V118I, T215F, K219E, K219Q and K103Y.
Detection of minority drug resistant mutations in Malawian HIV-1 subtype C-positive patients initiating and on first-line antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 29977795
2018
African journal of laboratory medicine
Table: K70R
Antiretroviral resistance among HIV-1 patients on first-line therapy attending a comprehensive care clinic in Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya: a retrospective analysis.
PMID: 30061964
2018
The Pan African medical journal
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2019
Clinical infectious diseases
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