literature

HIV mutation literature information.

From antiretroviral therapy access to provision of third line regimens: evidence of HIV Drug resistance mutations to first and second line regimens among Ugandan adults.

PMID: 28010730 2016 BMC research notes

Abstract: The commonest clinically significant major resistance mutations associated with the highest levels of reduced susceptibility or virological response to the relevant Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) were; the Non-thymidine analogue mutations (Non-TAMS) M184V-20.7% and K65R-8.0%; and the TAM

Result: In our cohort, the commonest clinically significant major NRTI resistance mutations associated with highest levels of reduced susceptibility or virological response were the Non-thymidine analogue mutations (Non-TAMs): M184V:20.7% and K65R:8.0%, while M41L and K70R (both 8.0%) were the commonest TAMs.

Table: K70R

Prevalence of HIV Antiretroviral Drug Resistance and Its Impacts on HIV-1 Virological Failures in Jiangsu, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PMID: 27807537 2016 BioMed research international

Result: The most common mutations associated with drug resistance in NRTIs were M184V (79.45%), M41L (23.29%), M184I (10.96%), and K70R (10.96%) (Figure 2(a)).

HIV Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive Individuals in the Largest Public Hospital in Nicaragua, 2011-2015.

PMID: 27736898 2016 PloS one

Result: Similarly, within NRTI SDRMs, K70ER, V75A, F77L, M184I, T215I, and K219E were only found under the 5% threshold, while D67G and M184V, although present in levels >=5% in some patients, were also mostly present as low-abundance variants <5% (0.8% vs.

Antiviral Activity of Bictegravir (GS-9883), a Novel Potent HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor with an Improved Resistance Profile.

PMID: 27645238 2016 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Method: The virus 6TAMs, containing six resistance mutations in HIV-1 RT (M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y, and K219Q) that confer resistance to thymidine analogs, was constructed by cloning a PCR-amplified RT-encoding fragment from HIV-infected patient-derived plasma.

Surveillance of HIV Transmitted Drug Resistance in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PMID: 27355626 2016 PloS one

Abstract: NRTI TDR decrease was associated mainly with M184V, K70R and T215Y.

Result: Although no significant change was observed in NRTI TDR prevalence, a significant decrease in the frequency of M41L (p = 0.04), T215Y (p = 0.008), and K70R (p = 0.046) mutations was observed

Discussion: 3.1%, p<0.0001), with a significant reduction in the frequency of M184V and of most thymidine analogue mutations (TAM), including D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F, T215Y, and K219E.

Accumulation of HIV-1 drug resistance after continued virological failure on first-line ART in adults and children in sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID: 27342546 2016 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: RESULTS: At first virological failure, DRM(s) were detected in 87% of participants: K103N (38.7%), G190A (21.8%), Y181C (20.2%), V106M (8.4%), K101E (8.4%), any E138 (7.6%) and V108I (7.6%) associated with NNRTIs, and M184V (69.7%), any thymidine analogue mutation (9.2%), K65R (5.9%) and K70R (5.0%) associated with NRTIs.

HIV-1 Drug Resistance by Ultra-Deep Sequencing Following Short Course Zidovudine, Single-Dose Nevirapine, and Single-Dose Tenofovir with Emtricitabine for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission.

PMID: 27327263 2016 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Result: Mutations conferring NRTI resistance included K70R in 2 of 26 (7%) patients and T69S which was detected in 1 of 26 (3%) patients.

Result: One patient had both high-level NNRTI resistance and high-level resistance to TDF and 1 patient had both low to intermediate NNRTI resistance and K70R.

Discussion: Two (7%) patients harbored the K70R mutation while no other TAMs were found.

Treatment failure and drug resistance in HIV-positive patients on tenofovir-based first-line antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya.

PMID: 27231099 2016 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Table: K70R

HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Treatment Naive and Experienced Panamanian Subjects: Impact on National Use of EFV-Based Schemes.

PMID: 27119150 2016 PloS one

Result: Fifteen combinations were observed among 46 ARV drug-experienced subjects with 3 TAMs; where 39% of these subjects harbored the combination M41L + T215Y + L210W, followed in 11% by combination of D67N + K70R + K219Q.

Result: In ARV drug-experienced subjects, TAMs found were T215Y/F (26.8%), K70R (15.2%), M41L (13.7%), K219E/Q (12.2%), D67N (10.9%), and L210W (7.5%) (Fig 1A).

Resolution of Specific Nucleotide Mismatches by Wild-Type and AZT-Resistant Reverse Transcriptases during HIV-1 Replication.

PMID: 27075671 2016 Journal of molecular biology

Abstract: Outcomes for wild-type (WT) RT and an AZT-resistant (AZT(R)) RT containing a thymidine analog mutation set-D67N, K70R, D215F, and K219Q-were compared.

Method: To construct an AZTR RT-containing version of pCMVDeltaR8.2, the following amino acid substitutions that confer resistance to AZT: D67N, K70R, T215F, and K219Q were introduced into an HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) gene fragment using overlap extension PCR, sequenced, and used to replace wild-type sequences between AgeI and BclI in pCMVDeltaR8.2 to produce pCBN103-18, which

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