Abstract: The most frequent NRTIs drug resistance associated mutations are mainly the lamivudine-induced mutation M184V which was detected in 4 patients at T1 and showed a 2 fold increase in the following time points (T2: n = 8) and at (T3: n = 12) and the thymidine analogue mutations (such as D67N, K70R and K219E) which were not-detected at baselin
Result: Among the two TAMs pathways, TAM-2 which features D67N, K70R, T215F, and K219E/Q mutations was more common than the TAM-1 which features M41L, L210W and T215Y.
Table: K70R
Week 48 resistance analysis of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF versus Atazanavir + Ritonavir + Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF in HIV-1 infected women (WAVES study GS-US-236-0128).
Result: Interestingly, four DRM were detected in a greater proportion of the population using the DNA assay, of which three were TAMs; namely D67N, K70R and K219Q/R/E.
Result: More than half of these mutations (K65R, D67N, K70R, L74V, V75I/S, Y115F, K219Q/E, K101E/P/H, K103N, V106AM, Y181C and Y188L/H) were significantly more prevalent (p < 0.05) in the rural settings of Limpopo than in urban Pretoria (Table 2).
Use of Proviral DNA to Investigate Virus Resistance Mutations in HIV-infected Zimbabweans.
Abstract: Six-percent (n=6) had at least one HIVDR mutation, comprising NRTI-associated mutations, (M184V, T69D, T69N and V75I
Discussion: In this study, TAMs observed were M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y and K219Q.
Discussion: Studies have shown TAMs to appear through two pathways in a particular order: TAM-1 (M41L/L210W/T215Y) and TAM-2 (D67N/K70R/T215F/K219Q).
Mutational Correlates of Virological Failure in Individuals Receiving a WHO-Recommended Tenofovir-Containing First-Line Regimen: An International Collaboration.
Method: Because of the possibility that some individuals may have received a thymidine analog before receiving a TDF-containing regimen, as such switches may not have always reported, we excluded from our analysis individuals with sequences containing one or more canonical thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) - M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E.
Fidelity of classwide-resistant HIV-2 reverse transcriptase and differential contribution of K65R to the accuracy of HIV-1 and HIV-2 reverse transcriptases.
Introduction: Unlike HIV-1, HIV-2 does not develop resistance to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) through the excision pathway (involving amino acid substitutions M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219E/Q in the viral RT), but relies exclusively on nucleotide discrimination.
HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Non-B Subtypes After Prolonged Virological Failure on NNRTI-Based First-Line Regimens in Sub-Saharan Africa.
PMID: 28129253
2017
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: After adjustment, participants on zidovudine at failure were more likely to have T215F, T215Y, M41L, K70R, D67N, L210W, type-1 thymidine analog, type-2 thymidine analog, and any thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs); those on tenofovir to have K65R, K70E, Y115F, and M184I; those on efavirenz to have K103N, P225H, Y188L, and L100I; and those on nevirapine to have Y181C and G190A.
HIV-1 drug-resistant mutations and related risk factors among HIV-1-positive individuals experiencing treatment failure in Hebei Province, China.
Result: In NRTI coding regions, M184V/I was the most frequent mutation, accounting for 30.4% (65/214), followed by K70R (8.4%, 18/214), D67N (5.6%, 12/214), M41L (5.4%, 11/214), and T215Y (5.4%, 11/214).
Table: K70R
Polymorphisms and Mutational Covariation Associated with Death in a Prospective Cohort of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Long-Term ART in China.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2017
PloS one
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