Novel enzyme-linked minisequence assay for genotypic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance.
PMID: 14605126
2003
Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: ELMA is a combination of hybridization and a 1-base extension reaction, and we designed the assay to detect five mutations conferring nucleoside analogue resistance (M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y, and M184V) and six mutations conferring protease inhibitor resistance (D30N, M46I, G48V, V82A, I84V, and L90M).
New patterns of HIV-1 resistance during HAART.
PMID: 14616723
2003
Clinical microbiology and infection
Abstract: Nucleoside analog mutations (NAMs) (M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F and K219Q/E) are associated with reduced susceptibility to most nucleoside analogs and the nucleotide tenofovir.
A review of HIV-1 resistance to the nucleoside and nucleotide inhibitors.
PMID: 14754429
2003
Current drug targets. Infectious disorders
Abstract: There are several major genetic mutational patterns of resistance and cross-resistance that evolve with the NRTIs including the thymidine analog mutations M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y, and K219Q/E/W, the non-thymidine mutations M184V, L74V, and K65R, and the multidrug resistant Q151M complex, as well as others.
Use of the sensitive/less-sensitive (detuned) EIA strategy for targeting genetic analysis of HIV-1 to recently infected blood donors.
Abstract: Genetic evidence for drug resistance to zidovudine (K70R) and non-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (V108I) was detected in one strain each, and three other strains showed the presence of accessory protease inhibitor resistance mutations.
Frequency of mutations conferring resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients in Korea.
PMID: 11923351
2002
Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: The frequencies of K70R, T215S/Y/F (i.e., mutation of T at codon 215 to S, Y, or F), D67N/E, K219Q, T69N/S/A, M41L, and L210W mutations conferring resistance to zidovudine were 57.6, 36.4, 36.4, 27.2, 24.2, 21.2, and 12.1%, respectively.
Genetic divergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Ethiopian clade C reverse transcriptase (RT) and rapid development of resistance against nonnucleoside inhibitors of RT.
PMID: 12069959
2002
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Genotypic analysis showed that two Ethiopian isolates naturally harbored the mutations K70R and G190A associated with resistance to ZDV and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, respectively.
Abstract: Phenotypic assays revealed that the K70R substitution in this context did not reduce susceptibility to ZDV, whereas the G190A substitution resulted in high-level resistance to nevirapine (NVP).
ATP-dependent removal of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.
PMID: 12069972
2002
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Recombinant wild-type and mutant HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RT enzymes with thymidine analog resistance mutations D67N, K70R, and T215Y were analyzed for their ability to remove eight nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in the presence of physiological concentrations of ATP.
Prevalence of genotypic resistance in untreated HIV patients in Spain.
PMID: 12072945
2002
European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases
Abstract: Primary mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene were found in two (2.2%) samples: M41L, K70R and M184 V were found in one sample and K70R in another.
Genetic variation of the protease and reverse transcriptase genes in HIV-1 CRF04_cpx strains.
PMID: 12079565
2002
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Substitutions classically associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs were observed in six of seven samples, including G48V, V82A, L90M, M46I in the protease protein, and K70R, D69D/N, M184V, T215F, K103N in the reverse transcriptase protein.
Prevalence of HIV-1 polymerase gene mutations in pre-treated patients in Thailand.
PMID: 12118466
2002
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health
Abstract: Zidovudine-resistant mutants: T215Y/F (36%), M41L (28%) and K70R (25.3%) were common; but mutations linked to didanosine (L74V) and multinucleoside-resistant genotypes (Q151M) were rarely recognized (2.4% and 3.6%, respectively).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2003
Journal of clinical microbiology
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