literature

HIV mutation literature information.

The public health approach to identify antiretroviral therapy failure: high-level nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance among Malawians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.

PMID: 19417582 2009 AIDS (London, England)

Abstract: Emergence of the K65R and K70E

Table: K70E

Discussion: D4T use was associated with the emergence of K65R and K70E mutations in 30% of patients.

Analysis of the diversity of the HIV-1 pol gene and drug resistance associated changes among drug-naive patients in Burkina Faso.

PMID: 19697403 2009 Journal of medical virology

Abstract: The mutations were distributed as follows: NRTI (10.6%): M41L (n = 2), D67N (n = 2), K70K/E (n = 2), L210W (n = 1), T215S/Y (n = 2), and K219K/Q (n = 2); NNRTI (6.1%): K103K/N (n = 2), Y181C (n = 2), G190G/A (n = 1), and P236P/L (n = 1).

Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.

PMID: 20190870 2009 HIV therapy

Introduction: In addition, there is a strong negative association of K65R with the M184V, L74V and K70E mutations, conferring resistance to 3TC/FTC, ddI and TDF, respectively.

National survey of the prevalence and conditions of selection of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase K70E mutation.

PMID: 18360911 2008 Journal of medical virology

Abstract: Absence of selection of K70E in 850 HIV-1-infected naive patients suggests its role in NRTI drug resistance.

Abstract: According to occurrence of K70E mutation after failure to TDF regimen, this mutation was recently reported as a mutation associated with TDF resistance in most resistance genotypic algorithms.

Abstract: At the time of K70E selection, 60% of patients had received or received TDF-containing regimen and one-third received exclusive NRTI regimen.

Silent mutations are selected in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and affect enzymatic efficiency.

PMID: 19005273 2008 AIDS (London, England)

Introduction: The K65R, K70E, L74V, Q151M and M184V mutations primarily increase the selectivity of RT for the incorporation of a natural dNTP substrate over a NRTI-triphosphate.

Mechanism by which a glutamine to leucine substitution at residue 509 in the ribonuclease H domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase confers zidovudine resistance.

PMID: 19067547 2008 Biochemistry

Result: The mutations K65R, K70E, L74V, Q151 M, and M184V increase the selectivity of RT for incorporation of the natural dNTP substrate versus the NRTI-triphosphate (NRTI-TP).

Molecular mechanism by which the K70E mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase confers resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

PMID: 17088490 2007 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Abstract: NRTI-TP discrimination by the K70E (and K65R) mutation was primarily due to decreased rates of NRTI-TP incorporation and not to changes in analog binding affinity.

Abstract: Compared to the WT enzyme, K70E RT showed 2.1-, 2.3-, and 3.5-fold-higher levels of resistance toward TNV-diphosphate, carbovir-TP, and 3TC-TP, respectively.

Abstract: Pre-steady-state kinetic experiments demonstrate that the K70E mutation in HIV-1 RT allows the enzyme to discriminate between the natural deoxynucleoside triphosphate substrate and the NRTI triphosphate (NRTI-TP).

Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.

PMID: 17417971 2007 Retrovirology

Abstract: For all animals, sensitive real-time PCR assays detected the transient emergence of K70E RT mutants within 4 weeks of therapy, which were then replaced by K65R mutants within 12 weeks of therapy.

Introduction: The current report is the first one to demonstrate that during prolonged tenofovir therapy, RT-SHIV infected animals developed first K70E mutants, which were then replaced by K65R mutants.

Method: Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for sensitive detection of K65R and K70E in plasma RT-SHIV RNA.

Sequential emergence and clinical implications of viral mutants with K70E and K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase during prolonged tenofovir monotherapy in rhesus macaques with chronic RT-SHIV infection.

PMID: 17417971 2007 Retrovirology

Table: K70E/K

Table: K70E/Q

Table: K70E

Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.

PMID: 17442410 2007 Antiviral research

Abstract: K65R+K70E phenotypic fold changes for abacavir, lamivudine and tenofovir were comparable to reported values for K65R alone.

Abstract: Clonal analysis of six ESS30009 K70E isolates failed to identify double mutants carrying K65R+K70E.

Abstract: Site-directed K70E mutants had a replication capacity of 97+/-29%, but only 2.4+/-0.9% for K65R+K70E and 0.01% for K65R+K70E+M184V mutants.

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