Figure: Antiviral activities of HIV-1s carrying mutations at residue 70 (K70R, K70G, K70E, K70T, K70N, or K70Q) in the WT (A) or Q151Mc (B) background were determined by the MAGIC5 assay.
Discussion: On the other hand, K70E causes resistance to 3TC, TFV, and ABC by lowering the maximum rate of inhibitor incorporation by RT (kpol-dependent exclusion mechanism).
Discussion: Previous studies have offered insights into the drug resistance mechanism of similar mutations (K70E, K70G, K70R, and K70T).
Discussion: Specifically, K70E was s
HIV-1 drug resistance at antiretroviral treatment initiation in children previously exposed to single-dose nevirapine.
Result: Nineteen samples had major NRTI mutations, specifically K219E/Q (n=8), L74V (n=7), K70E (n=3), D67N (n=2) and L210W (n=1).
Unnecessary antiretroviral treatment switches and accumulation of HIV resistance mutations; two arguments for viral load monitoring in Africa.
PMID: 21694603
2011
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: NRTI cross-resistance was observed in 48.0% of 183 specimens available for genotypic analysis, comprising >=2 TAMs (37.7%), K65R (7.1%), K70E (3.3%), or Q151M (3.3%).
Abstract: Logistic regression assessed factors associated with multiple thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) and NRTI cross-resistance (>=2 TAMs or Q151M or K65R/K70E).
Resistance patterns selected by nevirapine vs. efavirenz in HIV-infected patients failing first-line antiretroviral treatment: a bayesian analysis.
Method: RT mutations were identified from the International AIDS Society USA Drug (IAS-USA) mutation tables, spring 2008 (http://www.iasusa.org/resistance_mutations): M41L, K65R, D67N, insertion 69, K70R/E, L74I/V, L100I, K103N, V106A/M, V108I, Q151M, Y181I/C, M184V, Y188C/L, G190A/S, L210W, T215Y/F, PMID: 20008905
2010
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: For Subject 2, K70E was detected by CG at baseline, followed by selection of K65R at failure.
Result: Mutations detected by CG at baseline that could have impacted response to one or more study drugs included mutations at T215, K70E, D67G, M184V and the multi-NRTI Q151M-associated mutations A62V and F77L.
Result: Seven of the VF subjects at baseline had resistance mutation-containing low-abundance viral species (including one of more of the following: A62V, F77L, K70E, T215A, T215S,
Constrained patterns of covariation and clustering of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations.
PMID: 20462946
2010
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Method: We also examined the extent to which the 52 NNRTI-selected mutations covaried with mutations at 12 major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance positions, including M41L, K65R, D67N, T69S_SS, K70E, K70R, L74V, L74I, V75M/T, Y115F, Q151M, M184V/I, L210W, T215F and T215Y.
HIV Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Antiretroviral Naive HIV-1-Infected Latin American Children.
Abstract: Reverse transcriptase mutations K70R and K70E were detected in 3 and 2 subjects, respectively; protease mutation I50 V was detected in 1 subject.
Result: There were 3 different mutations detected among the 6 subjects with DRMs: reverse transcriptase mutations K70R (detected in 3 subjects), K70E (detected in 2 subjects), and protease mutation I50 V (detected in a single subject).
Effects of the K65R and K65R/M184V reverse transcriptase mutations in subtype C HIV on enzyme function and drug resistance.
Discussion: Studies with both SIV and a RT SHIV in macaques treated with TFV monotherapy showed selection of the K70E and K65R mutations.
The public health approach to identify antiretroviral therapy failure: high-level nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance among Malawians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.
Discussion: D4T use was associated with the emergence of K65R and K70E mutations in 30% of patients.
Discussion: For patients on ZDV, some mutations apparently selected by d4T (K65R, K70E) may have diminished to levels below the limit of detection, resulting in an underestimate in the prevalence of these mutations.
Discussion: The use of d4T in subtype C virus does not follow predictable patterns in the emergence of mutations and appears to be promiscuous in its ability to select for K65R and K70E (associated with TDF resistance), multiple TAM pathways, Q151M, and T69 insertions.
Analysis of the diversity of the HIV-1 pol gene and drug resistance associated changes among drug-naive patients in Burkina Faso.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2011
PloS one
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