Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
PMID: 23027713
2013
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: A large majority of observed K65R cases were explained by the use of tenofovir, reflecting its wide use in clinical practice.
Abstract: Although recent HIV-1 treatment guidelines discouraging these combinations resulted in reduced K65R selection with tenofovir, updated information on the impact of currently recommended regimens on the population selection rate of K65R is presently lacking.
Abstract: DISCUSSION: Our finding of a stable time trend of K65R despite elevated use of tenofovir illustrates increased potency of current HIV-1 therapy including tenofovir.
Abstract: For any given dual NRTI combination including tenofovir, higher selection rates of K65R were consistently observed with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase<
Tenofovir-based regimens associated with less drug resistance in HIV-1-infected Nigerians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.
Abstract: 90% had the M184V/I mutation, 62% had at least one thymidine analog mutation, and 14% had the K65R mutation.
Discussion: K65R is selected by tenofovir, didanosine, stavudine and abacavir, but it may be emerging at higher frequencies among non-B subtypes exposed to TDF.
Discussion: However, tenofovir is also associated with an increased frequency of the mutation K65R.
Discussion: In vitro studies suggest that K65R develops more readily in subtype C because of a site specific pause on the viral template during transcription and this same mechanism may occur for subtypes found in Nigeria.
Discussion: Only 12% of patients with the K65R mutation developed TAMs compared with 70% of those without the K65R mutation.|mgd
From the chemistry of epoxy-sugar nucleosides to the discovery of anti-HIV agent 4'-ethynylstavudine-Festinavir.
Introduction: Moreover, the strains carrying the K65R or the Q151M complex were still susceptible to 4'-ethynylstavudine.
Introduction: The K65R mutation confers resistance to tenofovir and some NRTIs and, the Q151M complex (A62V, V75I, F77L, F116Y, and Q151M) confers resistance to most of the clinically approved NRTIs.
Introduction: While zidovudine, stavudine, didanosine, and lamivudine were 440-, 8.4-, 14- and 2.8-fold less active against the Q15M mutant of HXB-2, respectively, 4'-ethynyl-stavudine retained potent anti-HIV-1 activity against the mutants harborin
Inefficient vaginal transmission of tenofovir-resistant HIV-1.
Abstract: Here we evaluated the effect of the common tenofovir (TFV) resistance mutation K65R on vaginal HIV transmission.
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
PMID: 23183438
2013
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: K65R selection was significantly higher in HIV-1 subtype C.
Abstract: Subtype-dependent selection of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase resistance mutation K65R was previously observed in cell culture and small clinical investigations.
Abstract: This could not be explained by clinical and demographic factors in multivariate analysis, suggesting subtype sequence-specific K65R pathways.
Abstract: We compared K65R prevalence across subtypes A, B, C, F, G, and CRF02_AG separately in a cohort of 3,076 patients on combination therapy including tenofovir.
HIV-2 antiviral potency and selection of drug resistance mutations by the integrase strand transfer inhibitor elvitegravir and NRTIs emtricitabine and tenofovir in vitro.
PMID: 23187937
2013
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: In resistance selections, EVG selected E92G/Q and S147N in integrase, FTC selected M184V/I in RT, and TFV selected K65R and Y115F in RT.
Abstract: The RT K65R SDM virus had 2.2- and 9.1-fold reduced susceptibilities to TFV and FTC, respectively, and the addition of Y115F to K65R further decreased susceptibility to both drugs.
Antiviral resistance and correlates of virologic failure in the first cohort of HIV-infected children gaining access to structured antiretroviral therapy in Lima, Peru: a cross-sectional analysis.
Method: The OLA was conducted according to the NIH protocol for mutations at HIV-1B protease positions D30N, I50V, V82A, V82S, V82T, I84V, N88D, and L90M as well as reverse transcriptase positions K103N, Y181C, K65R, T215F, T215Y, M184V, and Q151M.
Antiretroviral drug resistance profiles and response to second-line therapy among HIV type 1-infected Ugandan children.
PMID: 23308370
2013
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: TAMs,>=3 TAMs, 69 insertion complex, K65R/N, and Q151M were observed in 43.0%, 10.6%, 18.3%, 2.8%, and 2.1% of the children, respectively.
Prevalence of pre-existing resistance-associated mutations to rilpivirine, emtricitabine and tenofovir in antiretroviral-naive patients infected with B and non-B subtype HIV-1 viruses.
PMID: 23361642
2013
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: The prevalence of K65R and M184I/V was 0.06% (1/1729) and 1% (18/1729), respectively.
Abstract: We also studied the M184V/I and K65R mutations for emtricitabine and tenofovir, respectively.
HIV-1 drug resistance and associated factors among adults failing first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2013
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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