Treatment failure and drug resistance in HIV-positive patients on tenofovir-based first-line antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya.
PMID: 27231099
2016
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Abstract: Patients with K65R had significantly lower CD4 values, higher WHO stage and more resistance mutations.
Abstract: Tenofovir signature mutation K65R occurred in 71% (17/24) of the patients infected with subtype A.
Method: Analyses were therefore designed to (1) describe virologic failure and resistance in each group, (2) explore predictors of failure and resistance in the two groups as the data and sample sizes allow, and (3) examine HIV-1 subtype and associated potential genotypic pathways and mutation correlation for the development of resistance (including specifically K65R).
Method: Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare demographic and clinical covariates of several patient subgroups: those with and without VL>40 copies/mL stratified by group; and those with and without K65R, stratified by group, among
Usefulness of an HIV DNA resistance genotypic test in patients who are candidates for a switch to the rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate combination.
PMID: 27231280
2016
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate RAMs studied were K65R, L100I, K101E/P, E138A/G/K/R/Q, V179L, Y181C/I/V, M184V/I, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L in the RT.
HIV-1 Drug Resistance by Ultra-Deep Sequencing Following Short Course Zidovudine, Single-Dose Nevirapine, and Single-Dose Tenofovir with Emtricitabine for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission.
PMID: 27327263
2016
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance was detected in 17 of 26 (65%) patients, 2 (7%) had Thymidine analogue mutations, and 3 (11%) had K65R.
Discussion: K65R was detected in 11% of patients at low frequencies (1%-2.6%).
Discussion: It is therefore important to interpret low abundance K65R mutations in subtype C with caution.
Discussion: The mechanism for higher levels of K65R in subtype C seems to be template specific, where a preferential pause in subtype C reverse transcription at position 65 AAG-AGG is seen.
Discussion: There are reports of higher levels of K65R detection in HIV-1 subtype C among patients failing first-line TDF-based ART and in
Adherence to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in a Clinical Setting.
Method: Detection and quantification of drug resistance mutations M184V, K70E and K65R when present as minor variants was performed using allele-specific PCR as described elsewhere.
Genotypic HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Patients Failing Tenofovir-Based First-Line HAART in South India.
PMID: 27334566
2016
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Considering the nature of K65R mutation in increasing susceptibility to AZT and its low prevalence, we conclude that in most patients failing TDF-based first-line therapy, AZT can be considered for second-line therapy followed by TDF itself.
Abstract: Mutational association shows, K65R was negatively associated with TAMs (OR 0.31, p .008), M184V (OR 0.14, p .57), and K70E (OR 0.29, p .02).
Abstract: The predominant NRTI and NNRTI mutations observed were M184IV (59.9%), K65R (28.1%), and thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs, 29.3%) and K103NS (54.5%), V106AM (39.5%), and PMID: 27342546
2016
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: RESULTS: At first virological failure, DRM(s) were detected in 87% of participants: K103N (38.7%), G190A (21.8%), Y181C (20.2%), V106M (8.4%), K101E (8.4%), any E138 (7.6%) and V108I (7.6%) associated with NNRTIs, and M184V (69.7%), any thymidine analogue mutation (9.2%), K65R (5.9%) and K70R (5.0%) associated with NRTIs.
Treatment Outcomes and Resistance Patterns of Children and Adolescents on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Asia.
PMID: 27355415
2016
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: NRTI mutations included >=1 TAM (40%), >=4 TAMs (10%), T215Y/F (23%), Q151M (4%), M184V (56%), K65R (2%).
Result: Of the 156 (56%) children who had available resistance testing at the time of first-line failure, mutations included M184V (82%), >=1 thymidine analog mutation (TAM; 64%), >=4 TAMs (18%), T215Y/F (43%), K65R (10%), >=1 NNRTI mutation (92%), Y181I/C (44%), G190A (33%), K103N/S (27%), and V108I (15%); 30 (19%) children had DUET weighted scores >=4 (Table 2).
The M184I/V and K65R nucleoside resistance mutations in HIV-1 prevent the emergence of resistance mutations against dolutegravir.
Abstract: DESIGN: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the M184I/V and K65R substitutions in reverse transcriptase on the ability of HIV-1 to become resistant against RAL, EVG or DTG.
Abstract: In such cases, common resistance substitutions in reverse transcriptase that were associated with nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors included M184I/V and K65R and these occurred together with various mutations in integrase.
Abstract: METHODS: We performed tissue culture selection experiments using reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant viruses containing resistance substitutions at positions K65R
Cross-sectional study of virological failure and multinucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance at 12 months of antiretroviral therapy in Western India.
Discussion: Due to low prevalence of multi drug mutation such as T69Ins or Q151M, we adopted criteria for multi-NRTI DRMs as either presence of K65R or presence of 2 TAMs along with M184V or presence of 3 or more TAMs.
Discussion: In a recent study from South Africa, authors have concluded that patients failing on a TDF-containing regimen were almost 5 times more likely to present with a K65R mutation compared to d4T-exposed patients.
Discussion: In addition, recent reports have suggested antagonism between K65R and TAMs, indicating that both pathways are unlikely to occur simultaneously.
Discussion: In this study, 52.94% of individuals who were exposed to TDF-developed K65R mutation.
Discussion: The emergence of PMID: 27645238
2016
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Method: The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-resistant viruses encoding reverse transcriptase (RT) mutation K65R were obtained from Mark Wainberg (McGill AIDS Center, Montreal, Canada).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2016
Journal of the International AIDS Society
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